In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing.
(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize
先看raising那一串。V-ing前面如果没有逗号，那它就是形容词作定语，就近修饰前方的紧邻名词tourists。那后面的them就也是指代tourists的了。整个句子的层次应该是【because of mositure】，然后【that was exhaled by tourists】是定语从句修饰mositure，再然后【raising那一串修饰tourists】。但是，这个层次是从语义或者说逻辑角度看其实是错误的。。
(E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing
exhaled在这里不是动词，是V-ed在做形容词，是后置定语。也就是说句子逻辑是【because moisture had raised the .....】
而是什么样的mositure呢？作者给了一个【V-ed的形容词来修饰】，是【tourists呼出的moisture】作者: 778879147 时间: 2012-1-12 21:44
2. ing结构前面有逗号的时候，优先考虑其作状语，其修饰的对象是前面整个句子主干。但ing做状语又有很多种区分：
若主句是主系表结构，ing结构是对前面主系表结构的句子做的一种补充说明，此时ing结构不表伴随，不表结果，只是表示一个补充说明的 意思。
而当前面是主谓宾的时候，逗号+ing形式可做伴随动作，可做结果状语。若表伴随，其伴随的是主句动词，但必须保证主句主语是ing形式的动作发出者。若表结果状语，其修饰前面整个主句，并无逻辑主语的问题，但是前面主句再改作名词结构后，可以作为ing结构动作的发出者。举例如下(OG12 Q47)：
Five sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland, bringing to 34.... (这道题是OG最经典的bringing做结果状语，修饰前面整件事)
把主句变为名词，即是The leave of the five sea eagles brings.... 可见是这个leave这个事情（把left名词化）作为brings的真正主语。作者: matchMichelle 时间: 2012-1-13 06:45
thx。。。
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