T-9

For many years, historians thought

that the development of capitalism had not

faced serious challenges in the United

Line States. Writing in the early twentieth cen-

(5) tury, Progressive historians sympathized

with the battles waged by farmers and

small producers against large capitalists

in the late nineteenth century, but they did

not question the widespread acceptance

(10) of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism

throughout American history. Similarly,

Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed

with the Progressives, argued that Amer-

icans accepted laissez-faire capitalism

(15) without challenge because they lacked

a feudal, precaptialist past. Recently,

however, some scholars have argued

that even though laissez-faire became

the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century

(20) LACE w:st="on">AmericaLACE>, it was not accepted without

struggle. Laissez-faire capitalism ,they

suggest, clashed with existing religious

and communitarian norms that imposed

moral constraints on acquisitiveness to

(25) protect the weak from the predatory, the

strong from corruption, and the entire cul-

ture from materialist excess. Buttressed

by mercantilist notions that government

should be both regulator and promoter

(30) of economic activity, these norms per-

sisted long after the American Revolution

helped unleash the economic forces that

produced capitalism. These scholars

argue that even in the late nineteenth

(35) century, with the government’s role in

the economy considerably diminished,

laissez-faire had not triumphed com-

pletely. Hard times continued to revive

popular demands for regulating busi-

(40) ness and softening the harsh edges of

laissez-faire capitalism.

T-9-Q35

The primary purpose of the passage is to

1. LACE w:st="on">LACE>

   reveal the underlying similarities of certain arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

2. synthesize two competing arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the LACE w:st="on">United StatesLACE>

3. defend an established argument regarding the development of capitalism in the LACE w:st="on">United StatesLACE>

4. summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the LACE w:st="on">United StatesLACE>

5. discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States

answer: E

可我觉得这不是一种 methodology for the study ，可不可以选D，我觉得有说服力，一些学者不同意以往的看法。。

For many years, historians thought that the development of capitalism had not faced serious challenges in the United States. 多年来，历史学家们认为资本主义在美国畅行无阻。

Writing in the early twentieth century, Progressive historians sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and small producers against large capitalists in the late nineteenth century, but they did not question the widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism throughout American history. 激进的历史学家也没有对自由资本主义的盛行表示置疑。

Similarly, Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed with the Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-faire capitalism without challenge because they lacked a feudal, precaptialist past. L.H.也无太多异议。

Recently, however, some scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire became the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century America, it was not accepted without struggle. 最近，有学者置疑。

Laissez-faire capitalism, they suggest, clashed with existing religious and communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire culture from materialist excess. 具体阐释这些置疑。

Buttressed by mercantilist notions that government should be both regulator and promoter of economic activity, these norms persisted long after the American Revolution helped unleash the economic forces that produced capitalism. 开始历史事实的支持。

These scholars argue that even in the late nineteenth century, with the government’s role in the economy considerably diminished, laissez-faire had not triumphed completely. 具体历史事例。

Hard times continued to revive popular demands for regulating business and softening the harsh edges of laissez-faire capitalism. 上述历史时段的继续。

选项D中的划线部分需关注：summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

选项E正确反映上述文章的内容：discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States

E methodology 是不是好

请w再解释一下

多谢

原来没有太注意methodology的准确意思。根据金山，Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析，也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。如果是这样解释的话，真不知道文章所述的关于“自由主义经济在美确立有否困难”的命题和对此的探讨，能否算是自由主义经济学的一个方法或是原则了。现在看来，基本不能算是一种methodology。如果否定成立，那末D就为优选了。

请大家讨论吧。