Passage 41 (41/63)

It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (serotonin: n.含于血液中的复合胺) (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.

Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood. We found that, immediately after the rats began to eat, parallel elevations occurred in blood tryptophan, brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels. These findings suggested that the production and release of serotonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with blood-tryptophan increases. In later studies we found that injecting insulin into a rat’s bloodstream also caused parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels and in serotonin levels. We then decided to see whether the secretion of the animal’s own insulin similarly affected serotonin production. We gave the rats a carbohydrate-containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secretion. As we had hypothesized, the blood tryptophan level and the concentrations of tryptophan serotonin in the brain increased after the meal.

Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell. Since protein contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? The answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells. This same mechanism also provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in protein, such as tyrosine and Leucine. The consumption of protein increases blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan. The more protein in the meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of competing amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain. Thus the more protein in a meal, the less serotonin subsequently produced and released.

(A) Meals consisting almost exclusively of protein

(B) Meals consisting almost exclusively of carbohydrates

(C) Meals that would elicit insulin secretion

(D) Meals that had very low concentrations of tyrosine（A）

(E) Meals that had very low concentrations of leucine

为什么答案是exclusively of protein呢? 题目问的是最小可能成为对不足够产生和释放S病人的食物来源, 那应该是B呀, 因为吃了含carbohydrates食物会使出S增加呀.

查了字典, exclusively is only. 原来是我理解错了,我把exclusive理解成了排他(没有蛋白质), 这样选A就对了, B不对. 真是气死我了, 两个月前做过这篇文章, 没看明白都猜对了, 现在再看都不知道自己当时怎么猜对的. 看来还是当时没总结, 现在后患无穷.