CR9.39 Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to

modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has

traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however,

recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several

scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and

techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus

concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious

conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of

Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and

techniques are presented.

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the

second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

B. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the

second is that position.

C. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide

support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against

that intermediate conclusion.

D. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the

second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

E. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the

second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

此题我选择C，我认为first is Premise for, 虽然有However, 但是historian的观点A more cautious conclusion than this is called for应该是the traditional view is false的延伸，而不是批评反对。但正确答案是D.

我的解答：