标题: 6月3日换题库了——6月GMAT作文新题汇总AA(1-21题) [打印本页]
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:52 标题: 6月3日换题库了——6月GMAT作文新题汇总AA(1-21题)
(1)本月机经4次
上月机经：次employee of NGO比employee of corporation更motivated，第一句里有 study,所以用了 false analogy和 study这两个
。
No.AAB1 The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the company's managers:
“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:52
(2) 本月机经1次 上月机经10次
No.72 the following appeared as part of a recommendation from the business manager of a department store:
“Local clothing stores reported that their profits decreased, on average, for the three-month period between August 1 and October 31. Stores that sell products for the home reported that, on average, their profits increased during this same period. Clearly, consumers are choosing to buy products for their homes instead of clothing. To take advantage of this trend, we should reduce the size of our clothing departments and enlarge our home furnishings and household products departments.”
72. 专卖店的商务经理的备忘录：
本地服装店报告说从8月1号到10月31号的3个月里他们的平均利润下降。销售家庭用品的商店却报告同期的平均利润上升。很明显，顾客正选择为他们的家里购买用品而不是买衣物。为了利用这个趋势，我们应该缩减我们的服装部规模而扩大家庭装饰和家务用品部
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:52
(3) 本月机经4次 上月机经5次
No.92“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 15 cents a pound for lemons, but today it commonly charges over a dollar a pound. In only one of these last 11 years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”
92. 当地报纸的社论：
过去的10年里，桔类水果的价格实际上上升了。11年前，Megamart每个柠檬要价5分，现在一般要价为30分一个。过去11年只有一年不适合桔类水果生长。显然，柑桔种植者应该对桔类水果价格过度上涨负责。为防止他们继续哄抬价格规范价格规定很有必要。
提供观点：
1， 小范围推大范围。
2， 忽略他因，是否只有一种因素导致价格上升——不适合生长。。。还有，比如环境保护，加工价格上升，人力成本上升，或者单纯的物价上涨。。。monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions
1， 柠檬缺乏代表性，或者说，柠檬有其特殊性，譬如柠檬都是进口的，比较贵；
2， 天气好不一定代表物价要低，因为种植柑橘的农民已经动用了可用的资源了，产量无法再多了；
3， 是否物价高就是农民肆意抬高的缘故，可能是dealers在其中的作用；
政府是否要介入，虽然价格变贵了，但是targeted customers没有变化，对整个国民经济影响不大
北美范文：
In this editorial the author argues for the imposition of strict pricing regulations in order to prevent citrus growers from continued inflation of prices of citrus fruit. The need for such regulation is supported by the author’s contention that citrus growers have been unnecessarily raising prices of citrus fruit in the past. The evidence for this allegation is the fact that the price of lemons at Megamart has increased from 15 cents per pound to over a dollar a pound during the preceding 11-year period. The author maintains that this increase is unjustifiable because weather conditions have been favorable to citrus production in all but one of those years. This argument is flawed for several reasons.
First and foremost, the author assumes that the only factor that influences the price of citrus fruit is the weather. Other factors such as monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions are completely ignored as possible sources for the increase. The charge that citrus growers have unnecessarily raised prices can be sustained only if these and other possible factors can be completely ruled out as contributing to the price increases. Since the author fails to address these factors, the recommendation calling for strict pricing regulations can be dismissed out of hand as frivolous.
Second, the author assumes that the only way to combat increased prices is through government intervention. In a free enterprise system many other means of affecting the pricing of goods are available. For example, boycotting a product and thereby influencing supply and demand conditions of the commodity is an effective means of influencing the price of the product. In a free market economy the call for price regulation by the government should occur only when all other means to rectify the problem have been exhausted.
In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument it would be necessary to show that the only factor influencing the price increases is the growers’ desire for increased profits.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:53
（4）本月机经2次 上月机经：3次
No.45 The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store:
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”
45. Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。
提供观点：
1、时间关系不能推出因果关系。仅因药品专柜开在销售额增加前，就认为总体销售额增加时其结果，是错误的
2、错误类比。即使销售额增加是由药品专柜开设引起，也不代表开设其他专柜能增加销售额（顾客不一定更关注一条龙购物的便利）
3、增加销售额未必增加利润，增加服务也要增加成本
从北美范文里扒出来一篇
The management of the Megamart grocery store concludes that adding new departments and services is the surest way to increase profits over the next couple of years. They are led to this conclusion because of a 20 percent increase in total sates, realized after the addition of a pharmacy section to the grocery store. On the basis of this experience, they concluded that the convenience of one-stop shopping was the main concern of their customers. The management’s argument is faulty in several respects.
In the first place, the management assumes that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section. However, the only evidence offered to support this conclusion is the fact that the addition of the pharmacy preceded the increase in sales. But the mere fact that the pharmacy section was added before the increase occurred is insufficient grounds to conclude that it was responsible for the increase. Many other factors could bring about this same result. Lacking a detailed analysis of the source of the sales increase, it would be sheer folly to attribute the increase to the addition of the pharmacy section.
In the second place, even if it were the case that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to support the claim that adding additional departments will increase sales even further. It is quite possible that the addition of the pharmacy section increased sales simply because there was no other pharmacy in the vicinity. The additional proposed departments and services, on the other hand, might be well represented in the area and their addition might have no impact whatsoever on the profits of the store. In other words, there may be relevant differences between the pharmacy section and the additional proposed sections that preclude them from having a similar effect on the sales of the store.
In conclusion, the management’s argument is not well-reasoned. To strengthen the conclusion, the management must provide additional evidence linking the addition of the pharmacy section to the increase in total sales. It must also show that there are no exceptional reasons for the sales increase due to the pharmacy section that would not apply to the other proposed additions.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:53
（5）本月机经1次 上月机经：5次
说是一个汽车分销商6月在当地报纸上打了luxury models的广告，并且把luxury models挪到展厅最显著的位置，结果6月总的sales大涨。2月展厅显著位置放的是不太贵的models，结果sales比较低。然后一个销售经理就说可见人们看到luxury models了就能选了什么variety of models，然后就建议常年把luxury models放在展厅中间。
考古：
v1卖车店把豪华车放在广告中以及店中央可以比便宜的车得到更多的收入
v2有一个卖汽车的公司在June的时候大力为他们的Luxury automobile做广告，luxury和inexpensive的mobiles的combined的sales很好；在February做的是 inexpensive的广告，就卖得不好。所以以后要大力做luxury的广告，可以吸引顾客，顾客一定会被吸引让后买很多，赚死了。
V3是一个Business Manager Memo的建议, 说6月份因为把luxury auto和inexpensive cars同时推广，得到了历史最高的销售记录。而二月份之推广了inexpensive car.所以以后应该吧 luxury car作为主打产品。
V4 it said about in july, company advertised in local newspaper, combing selling luxury car and inexpensive car revenue. larter, the revenue decreased when company just sales inexpensive along. it is genearlly what it said...
V5某公司经理说7月份该公司做广告大力宣传豪华汽车，同时把豪华汽车摆放在展厅重要位置，该公司的豪华汽车以及inexpensive的汽车销量很高；2月份主要广告宣传inexpensive汽车，同时把inexpensive汽车摆放在展厅重要位置。但是总体销量不高。所以经理总结说，要把宣传和展示豪华车作为重点，blablabla
提供观点：
1. 错误的认为trend会一直延续下去
2. 错误的由时间关系推因果联系
3. 方案不充分，没理由推断顾客一定会买昂贵的车
4. revenue销售收入只是考察销售情况的其中一个指标，还应该考虑profit margin利润和ratio of profit利润率。某种程度上讲，利润和利润率比销售收入更重要，它反映的是一个公司的真正的盈利能力。(感谢lecit同学提供本条观点)
和这道题类似
The following appeared as a memorandum from the vice-president of the Dolci candy company:
“Given the success of our premium and most expensive line of chocolate candies in a recent taste test and the consequent increase in sales, we should shift our business focus to producing additional lines of premium candy rather than our lower-priced, ordinary candies. When the current economic boom ends and consumers can no longer buy major luxury items, such as cars, they will still want to indulge in small luxuries, such as expensive candies.”
提供范文：
First, the fact that the premium line of chocolates met with success in a recent taste is scant evidence of the claim that this line of candies continue to be successful in the future. To warrant this inference the vice president must assume that the taste test was representative of consumer’s candy preferences in general. Unfortunately, the vice president has failed to provide evidence for this crucial assumption.
Second, the vice president assumes that the increase in sales experienced after the taste test was brought about by sales of the premium candies. However, the only indication that this was the case is the fact that the increase in sales followed the taste test. Unfortunately, this evidence is insufficient to establish the causal claim in question. While temporal precedence is one of the conditions required to establish a causal relationship between two events, by itself it is a sufficient condition.
Finally, while the vice president’s speculation about future sales of premium candies may turn out to be correct, no evidence has been provided to support this prediction.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:53
（6）本月机经1次 上月机经：10次
No.41 The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine:
“The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar’s sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar’s trade deficit.”
41. 一份周刊上的文章：
Sacchar国解决其赤字的最好方法是降低其主要出口物糖的价格。这一举动将使Sacchar与其他糖出口国更好的竞争。Sacchar出口的糖将会增加，这一增长将实在地降低Sacchar的贸易赤字。
提供观点：
1、比起价格下降而带来的损失产量提高的影响是不是更大不是定数Increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yeild an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. in the absence of ...
2、可能性价比本来就很有竞争力了不需要降价，也可能价格已经很低了没有降低的空间了
3、降低进口可能是一个更好的办法A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar's trade deficit proplem. To the extent that this is the case...
北美范文
The author of this article argues that the country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of its main export, sugar. The line of reasoning is that this action would make Sacchar more competitive with other sugar-exporting countries, thereby increasing sales of Sacchar’s sugar abroad and, in turn, substantially reducing the trade-deficit. This line of reasoning is unconvincing for a couple of reasons.
In the first place, this argument is based on an oversimplified analysis of the trade deficit problem Sacchar currently faces. A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. The author’s argument relies on the assumption that earnings from imports will remain constant. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar’s trade deficit problem. Conversely, it is possible that revenues from imports are likely to decrease dramatically in the near future. To the extent that this is the case, lowering sugar prices may have a negligible countervailing effect, depending on the demand for Sacchar’s sugar.
In the second place, increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yield an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. This raises three questions the author fails to address. First, will a price decrease in fact stimulate demand? Second, is demand sufficient to meet the increase in supply? Third, can Sacchar increase the sugar production sufficiently to overcome the deficit? In the absence of answers to these questions, we cannot assess the author’s proposal.
In conclusion, the author provides an incomplete analysis of the problem and, as a result, provides a questionable solution. To better evaluate the proposal, we would need to know how revenues from imports are likely to change in the future. To strengthen the argument, the author must provide evidence that demand is sufficient to meet the proposed increase in supply, and that Sacchar has sufficient resources to accommodate the increase.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:53
（7）本月机经3次 上月机经：7次
No.53 The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” （52）(两个版本，此为较新版本)
53. Elm城的报纸上的社论：
去年在橡树城市中心修建购物中心是个错误。由于中心开业，大量的本地企业倒闭了。而且市中心受到严重缺乏停车位的困扰。在附近的橡树城公园拘捕的罪犯和流浪汉也增加了。榆树城应该注意橡树城购物中心的例子并防止在榆树城建立购物中心。
提供观点：
1. 作者所给出的所有问题和商场的建设都是时间上的前后关系而没有给出证据显示他们的因果关系
2. 作者只给出了不好的结果而没有给出好的影响很可能权衡利弊之后被选择的是要开这个商场
3. 这个商场的建立不应该也不能由此就否定以后所有的商场的建立
1， To begin with, the author fails to establish the causal relationship between the shopping mall's opening and the closing of local businesses.
2， Moreover, the author's conclusion is also based on the assumption that the shopping mall has caused the increase in crime and vagrancy.
3， Finally, even if the shopping mall did cause the closing of local business and the increasing crime and vagrancy in Oak City, the author's prediction that Elm City will suffer from the same fate as Oak City is still open to doubt.
北美范文：
(此文根据老题写作)In this editorial the author rebukes Oak City for allowing the construction of a new downtown shopping mall. Citing a number of problems that have occurred since the building of the mail, the author concludes that the residents of Oak City have not benefited from the mail and that Oak City exercised poor judgment in allowing the mail to be built. Among the problems cited by the author are the closure of local businesses, lack of parking in the downtown area, and increased trash and litter in a city park near the mall. Moreover, the author argues that profits derived from sales are not benefiting Oak City because the owner of the mall lives in another city. The author’s argument is problematic in several respects.
In the first place, the author assumes that addition of the new mall is the cause of the various problems cited. The only evidence offered to support this claim is that the construction of the mall occurred before these problems manifested themselves. However, this evidence is insufficient to establish the claim in question. A chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events.
In the second place, the author has focused only on negative effects the mall has had on the city. A more detailed analysis of the situation might reveal that the positive benefits for the city far outweigh the problems on which the author focuses. For example, new jobs might have been created for the residents of Oak City, and tax revenues might have been increased for the city. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mail on Oak City, it is presumptuous on the part of the author to conclude that Oak City’s decision to allow the mall to be built was incorrect.
In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to demonstrate that the construction of the mall caused the various problems mentioned. The author would also have to show that the negative effects of the project outweighed the positive effects.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:54
（8）本月机经1次 上月机经：6次
说和办公室稳定工作比起来，self-employed and work at home earn less in long run。理由有三个：一个是在家会有distractions from phone calls, noisy neighbors and household chords；另外一个是self-employed的人with no set schedule，因此会avoid working，有另外一个单词不懂，哼唧~，大概就是说工作起来就不主动吧；第三个是说会socially and professionally isolated，因此会丧失很多其他工作机会。
v1讲工作在家不如在办公室好，
V2.it's unwise for people to quit office job to become self-employed and work from home.
V3.it is financially unwise for people working at home。Author给了三点理由，第一，家里各种noisy neighbor, telephone call什么的会打扰到你；第二，在家里工作的人没有schedule；第三，在家会socially &professionally isolated，所以不能career advancement。Therefore,作者总结,对long-tern 在家工作earning less money than在办公室工作。
感谢athue提供的思路：
我从三个方面来说的：
第一， 无理假设，no evidence is stated in the argument so support that在家工作的人没schedule和会有很多distraction打扰到你。
第二， 忽略他因，作者没有考虑到career advancement的其他原因，只说员工如果不professional的话，那就没有career advancement。
第三， 没有全面考虑有关earning的多个方面，即使在office工作可能收入会高一些，但是员工的成本也高啦，比如transportation fee。
考古
提供观点：因为——
（1）在家里工作的人比较懒散，没有set schedule，所以会干…，会avoid working
（2）在家工作的人因为socially & professionally isolated，没法借出最新的information，所以career advancement少
（3）在家里工作会有很多distraction：noisy neighbor, household chores, telephone calls。
总结就是在家里的话，赚钱会比在办公室里面工作少
这道题貌似在OG中无对应题目，JJ如下：
1、 讲工作在家不如在办公室好，因为在家的人比较懒散，不会有计划工作，所以也就不会有更多机会晋升，再所以说，在办公室工作赚钱比在家的更多。（大概就这个意思）
[v2] 在办公室工作比在家里工作要赚的钱多。【差不多啦，就是什么financial什么的】
给了三个理由
（1）在家里工作的人没有set schedule，所以就会干嘛（那个词不认识，反正就是类似不好好工作吧），会avoid working
（2）在家工作的人因为socially &professionally isolated，所以career advancement少
（3）在家里工作会有很多distraction：什么邻居啊，还有household chores 还有一个什么的。
总结就是在家里的话，赚钱会比在办公室里面工作少。
[v3] 就是在办公室工作和在家工作比较：从经济角度考虑放弃在办公室工作而在家工作室不明智的，因为在家工作有很多东西让你分心，eg telephone call, noisy neighbour...而且在家工作会使人isolated么办法接触最新的information. 最后会导致收入么在办公室收入高。
提供观点：
1.这个有些人比较适合一个人在家里工作，有些人不习惯communication， 比如说很多的电脑天才都喜欢自己一个人研究， 睡到自然醒，反而必须的schedue 不符合他们的工作。
2.在家里工作的话会省掉很多办公室的utility expense， 这样公司可以给更多的钱给职工。
3.升职的话更多的是需要的能力，况且可以通过网络视频或者周末出去吃饭。 同样可以交流
所以选好邻居很重要，说不定你的邻居可以成为你职业上的帮忙。。
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:54
（9）本月机经2次 上月机经：13次
No.6 The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life:
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”
6. 一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：
企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。
提供观点：
1. 作者认为应该到该地区建厂理由是这里的失业率很高。但是却没有给出因果关系。从常理来看这是没有道理的因为失业率高的地方可能更难雇佣到雇员从而使成本增加。
2. 作者认为该地区会鼓励研发，所以应该到该地区投资。但事实上就象作者说的那样该地区是制造业中心怎么可能有很多对技术和科研很熟练的人员。
1， 因为H地区industrial and manufacturing比较attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只适合做这类的，如果缺乏能够做innovative technologies and research的工人labor pool，那么很可能导致失败。
2， H的低失业率更可能成为坏处。因为比如有less available work force。企业必须提高wage才能吸引他们。提高了COST。
3， 错误的假设过去的成功能够代表未来。比方说已经饱和的资源、过分的竞争、以及可能出现的错误政策，都可能导致H地区的经济不再发达。
北美范文：
In this argument corporations are urged to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunities. To support this recommendation, the author points out that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region’s manufacturing jobs and enjoying a lower-than-average unemployment rate. Moreover, it is argued, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base of the city by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies. This argument is problematic for two reasons.
To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios could support all types of corporations. Given that Helios has attracted mainly industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, it is unlikely that the local pool of prospective employees would be suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would not be met by a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it’s unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus or research and development of innovative technologies.
Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the lower than average unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers would not find Helios attractive. The fact that few persons are out of work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract new workers to Helios or pay the existing workers higher wages in order to lure them away from their current jobs. Neither of these alternatives seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.
In conclusion, the author has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons offered function better as reasons for not relocating to Helios. Nor has the author provided compelling reasons for companies seeking new business opportunities to choose Helios.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:54
（10）本月机经2次 上月机经：5次
有一个咖啡店的CEO根据过去6个月他们从feedback网页上得来的信息，认为客户对店卖的东西和服务都很满意，不需要作什么改进了。这个feedback登录方式印在了receipt上，CEO认为顾客都能看到。顾客通过网页提交的投诉和建议数量分别是100多和几十，相较于卖掉的咖啡数很小。
考古
说一个咖啡馆在网站上建了一个feedback的专页，并将网址打印在给每位顾客的Receipt上面。发现一段时间后只有一百多条抱怨和几十条建议，而在此期间咖啡馆却售出了30000杯饮料，于是作者认为咖啡馆的服务和产品非常好。
A Cafe build a website to allow the feed back of its customer in the past six months. The address of the site is clearly sited on the **(忘了，单词大家能认识),The site only receive 178 complaint and 33 advise,but the number of total receipts is 33,000.Conclusion:the Cafe does not need to evaluate and improve the service.
[V2] 一个customer service department manager的report:
从六个月前开始，有一个Cafe在每一个receipt上面都印了一个website address，是一个customer feedback page。所以每一个顾客都不难找到。到现在为止，该公司只收到一百多条complaints和不到一百条suggestions，而从有feedback page到现在该公司一共卖了三万杯coffee drink（总之是很大的一个数）。因此可以assume that顾客对这个公司的产品和服务fully satisfied，不需要改进提升之类。
没有找到对应的题库，但有一道类似的题目（即JJ第39道），观点可以借鉴
类似：The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”（39）
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:54
（11）本月机经1次 上月机经7次
The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company's human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:
“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our newer employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”
提供观点：
1、忽略他因：存在员工之外的因素影响利润
2、错误的归罪于HR
3、错误的认为事物恒定：八年前的历史数据不能用来评价目前的状况
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:55
（12）本月机经1次 上月机经5次
找的是原题The followingappeared as part of the business plan of the Capital Idea investment firm:
“Across town in the Park Hill district, the ThespianTheater, Pizzazz Pizza, and the Niblick Golf Club have all had businessincreases over the past two years. Capital Idea should therefore invest in theRoxy Playhouse, the Slice-o’- Pizza, and the Divot Golf Club, three newbusinesses in the Irongate district. As a condition, we should require them toparticipate in a special program: Any customer who patronizes two of thebusinesses will receive a substantial discount at the third. By motivatingcustomers to patronize all three, we will thus contribute to the profitabilityof each and maximize our return.”实战中不过是把那个饭店的名字换成了什么Pita，卖三明治的。（2010版题库129）
考古
AA：在P district有三家店（theater, pizza, golf club）在过去的两年business都increase了，所以I district也想开这三家店，并且I district决定：如果有去其中两家店的顾客，那么去第三家店可以打折，这样 I district 觉得肯定可以contribute to profit and maximize revenue.
V2:一家capital investment company的recommendation：在Park Hill District 开的三家店XX theater，XX playhouse（貌似，反正不重要）和XX Golf Club，两年前盈利increase了，所以作者建议在另一个district也投资新开三家经营范围类似（但品牌不同）的店；另外，采用a program：上前两家消费的顾客在第三家永久享受折扣——那么这三家店每一家都能盈利并且投资公司能赚到钱。
提供观点：
2、 过去的营业额增长不代表在另一个district开三家店生意能够好，区域之间可能存在差异，错误的类比
3、 推理不充分，这种折扣政策能保证三家店的每一家都盈利么？会不会某一家店承担了过多的折扣？
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:55
（13）本月机经1次 上月机经7次
Fun Toy Company采取了一个职工培训计划program，让senior employees volunteer to take an new employees as their apprentice, 这样的话，new employees 就可以follow the pattern sets by the senior employees. 用这种方法， 可以减少培训成本，也不会time-consuming。因此，我们公司也应该仿效该公司，采取同样的方法来培训员工。
偶写的错误是：false analogy& gratuitous assumption
考古
V1.Afun toys company successfully use the module which that senior employees take on an aprrence,让新员工观察老员工然后从中学习. 这样的话可以减少很多cost for training program。有人建议他们的公司应该学习这个fun toys company.
V2.摘自a human resouce director in a tire manufacturing company.
”The cost of training the new employee plays an important role in the overall expense of a company. 象the Fun Toys Company 发起一个Apprentice Training Progam. 他们给senior empoloyee发 salary bounus 如果他们自愿参加这个项目。在这个项目中new employee can learn business patterns from the senior employee这样来降低新员工的培训成本。 so no more expensive and cost programs are needed. 所以我们公司也应该象FUN Toys Company 一样用这中项目降低新员工培训的成本。”
粉红栀TX提供的思路：
1 False Analogy. 错误类比了我们公司（tire manufacturing company 和 Fun Toys Company）
2 One-sidedness. 没有考虑cost-effect analysis. 在这个项目实施过程中，给老员工发的salary bonus 可能大于省下的training cost. 并且在学习过程中，新员工可能会学到老员工的一些坏习惯，比如错误操作等
3 “no more expensive ...... are needed.” 过于绝对。在Apprentice Training Program中新员工只能学到专业技能，操作，但是对团队协作力，团队建设等没有很好的培训到。
V3 A fun toys company sussefully use the module which that senior employees take on an aprrence,让新员工观察老员工然后从中学习. 这样的话可以减少很多expense time for training program。有人建议他们的公司应该学习这个fun toys company.
V4一个公司要省新员工培训费，决定让老员工参加一个program，记录他们的habits and activities,让新员工follow，以省去高昂的cost
V5AA是培训员工很费钱，一个玩具商店取消了员工培训，让员工自己向老员工学习，但是有技能的员工有奖励，所以作者的公司也想这么干。
观点：
1.老员工的不一定适合新员工啊，时代在变化嘛
2.可能老员工参加的program也会花费很多
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:55
（14）本月机经1次 上月机经4次
一个城市主要依靠旅游收入，最近5年环境恶化，收入减少， 但是在原来的旅游景点（national parks）下面发现了煤矿储备， 于是就认为应该开采，不仅能够增加收入还能够提供就业。只有通过这样才能够实现经济增长。
考古
v1一political leader说national parks前五年revenue下跌，那地方有mineral deposit, 要是改成mining company可以提供jobs和tax revenue，所以要把national parks改成mining company。
V2.将一个一tourism为经济主要来源的国家因为环境污染而使经济受到影响，然后在national park 发现mine deposit， 就说mining 可以给政府更多的taxes，并促进就业。 conclusion： permitting mining 对这个国家经济复苏有利。
V3.由于近五年的工业污染导致国家公园对游客的吸引力下降，从而国家公园收入降低。但是最近在国家公园地底下发现矿物质，如果对其进行开采则不仅可以解决了政府税收问题，解决国家公园收入问题，还可以提供大量的就业。因此认为开采矿物质是最好的复兴经济的办法。
四月机经7次
V1就是说一个神马national parks 因为 indutrial pollution导致越来越不attractive to tourists。然后人们发现这个公园里有deposits of minerals,然后就提出如果同意mining companies来mine 这些deposits，那么这些公司就会交一大笔tax然后provide 很多jobs。然后这样就可以增加公园的收入神马的。
[V2]一个城市旅游业因为污染不行了，有人就要挖矿，说什么可以带动经济，还create job for those used to work in the tourism industry.
[V3] 一国的经济顾问在给总统的一封信里建议由于本国环境污染严重以致支柱产业旅游业的很多国家公园环境恶化，然后新近在一些国家公园发现矿藏，认为大力开发矿产可以带来大量税收收入并为旅游业萧条后事业的人提供工作机会。并宣称旅游业环境会一直恶化，让该国经济抬头的最好选择就是开矿
[V4] 就是说一个神马national parks 因为 industrial pollution导致越来越不attractive to tourists。然后人们发现这个公园里有deposits of minerals,然后就提出如果同意mining companies来mine 这些deposits，那么这些公司就会交一大笔tax然后provide 很多jobs。然后这样就可以增加公园的收入神马的。
考古
[v1]某國的national park因為周圍的工廠導致污染嚴重，旅游業下降，經濟學家發現在national park下面有很多礦，可以把national park打造成mining industry，從而政府可以從mining company的稅收來盈利，mining company也可以提供給以前在naitonal park工作的人mining的工作。所以這個提議是好的。
[v2] AA．（我看的JJ里还没有，是OG上的吗？我没有看OG 的作文题目）
是一个ECONOMIC ADVISOR写给POLITICAL LEADER的信。内容是：一个W什么的NATION 以往主要依靠旅游业，现在由于它的一些NATIONAL PARKS的吸引力下降，旅游业的REVENUE有下降的趋势。但是幸运的是最近在它的有些NATIONAL PARKS里探明有矿藏。ADVISOR建议允许在这些NATIONAL PARKS里开采矿藏。好处是纳的税能增加政府的REVENUE，同时还能给那些失去工作的旅游业从业人员提供就业机会。另外，就算不允许在公园里开矿，旅游业收入也还是要下滑的。
[v3] 是说一个city的park的tourism数量减少了 是因为industry pollution
于是city government决定在公园里建什么mining
这样可以提高city的revenue并且增加employment的数量
提供观点：
1、采矿会加剧污染。缺少analysis of cost and benefit其导致的旅游业减少所带来的损失可能超过采矿业带来的收益。
2、治理污染可能花费更多
3、以前在naitonal park工作的人不能胜任mining的工作
以下是DarthWalker同学提供的思路
1、失业的旅游业工人不一定具备成为矿工的技能
2、采矿会进一步恶化环境降低旅游收入，两者的比例未知，并且长期的环境破坏损失不可估量
3、除去开矿外还可能有别的促进经济的政策
4、旅游业不一定会继续恶化，也许已经跌到了谷底
5、通过治理环境很可能重新振兴旅游业
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:55
（15）本月机经1次 上月机经9次
The country of Bonaria held a major soccer event five years ago. Therefore, if the country continues to hold major sport events, tourism will increase rapidly in the country and thus bring benefits to the country's economy.
某个国家5年前办了场运动会，然后发现近三年旅游人数增多鸟，经济都增长了。所以有人提出为了促进经济增长，要再办个国际赛事。
考古：
[v1]一个B城市:5年前hold an succor competition. 发现相比在这个competition 3年前，在这个competition举办后的3年的number of tourists increased 25%。所有呢，这个B城市打算再举办一次类似的sport event 来吸引游客。这个城市B相信，这个sport event会增加游客人数，同时benefit the country economy.
[v2] AA:5年前办了一个足球比赛，后来旅游发展很好，所以我们应该引进更多的国际体育赛事到B市，就可以吸引游客，带动经济发展
[v3] B国家五年前hosted a international soccer competition 游客增加 所以市长未来想要再办类似的比赛以增加观光收入和国家收益
提供观点：
1、错误的由时间先后推出因果关系
2、过去的成功不能保证将来，存在他因
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:56
（16）本月机经1次 上月机经4次
某个航空公司去年利润下降，他们就认为原因肯定是因为油价上涨和新开了航线中的至少一个，而去年所有的公司都经历了油价上涨，但仍然有公司盈利，所以油价肯定不是利润减少的原因。因此，公司把新开的航线关闭了就可以提高利润。
考古
说航空公司利润去年降了了20%，列了3个理由，油价涨了，新开航线还是公司来，还有一个想不起来了....然后说其它公司都面临油价上涨，但有公司利润增加，所以不是油价的原因，结论想提高利润关新开的operation.
V2. Provincia Airline最近利润狂降,调查可能有两个原因:一是油价涨,二是他们开通新航线。.但是另一项调查表明其他航空公司也经历了油价上涨,但是利润也上涨,因此表明油价涨并不是我们公司利润狂降的唯一原因.为了提高利润,我们应该停止开通新航线。（好像狗说的是买新飞机？难道LZ读错了== ）
V3. Provincia Airline的利润降低了。可能有两个原因。1.rising oil prices 导致 fuel cost 上涨。2.它最近增加了5个城市的航班。而其他的航空公司也经历了rising oil prices但却没有增加那5个城市的航班，所以呢，原因2才是真正的原因。（我觉得些这个相对别的argument有点小难度...）
zelda爱star提供的观点
1.FA。每家公司都是不一样的，那个什么other airplane可能飞机比较小，耗油比较少
2.不仅仅只有这两个原因，可能本身P的管理成本有上升。
3.别的airline可能由于别的原因导致油价的上涨并不影响其profit 比如提供discount tickets.
4即使P停止，也不一定利润上升。
四月机经5次
V1Provincia Airline最近利润狂降,调查可能有两个原因:一是油价涨,二是他们买了很多新飞机.但是另一项调查表明其他航空公司也经历了油价上涨,但是利润也上涨,因此表明油价涨并不是我们公司利润狂降的唯一原因.为了提高利润,我们应该停止购买新飞机
[V2] Procia's profits decrease as the oil price increased at the beginning of the month. However other airlines also faced the problem but their profits increase. So Procia decided to eliminate the planes it purchased earlier.
[V3] 一个航空公司商业分析人说公司去年盈利严重下降,然后又说去年发生了油价上涨跟航线增加,但是在油价上涨的情况下有部分航线还是盈利了,所以油价不是问题,该人建议管理层砍掉几个航线来改变盈利下跌的情况
没有对应题库
提供观点：
1、其他航空公司的利润上涨是否存在他因？如strategy的调整、成本控制
2、缺乏与其他航空公司更comprehensive 的对比
3、购买新飞机是否是导致利润下降的主要原因？停止购买不一定能阻止利润下降
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:56
（17）本月机经1次 上月机经4次
No.1 The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 centsfor one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrateits twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”
下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商（processor）奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本从1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的25岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。
提供观点：
1. false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry.
2. causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out.
3. gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years.
1. 错误类比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation都只影响food 不影响film.
2. 同时，忽略他因。是否是因为组织更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the process下降了价钱。所以，两者更不同。
3. gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表学到了很多。很可能什么都没学到，或者技术已经out of date.
北美范文：
Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thus maximize profits in the future. In support of this conclusion the author cites the general principle that “as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.” This principle, coupled with the fact that Olympic Foods has had 25 years of experience in the food processing industry leads to the author’s rosy prediction. This argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.
First, the author’s forecast of minimal costs and maximum profits rests on the gratuitous assumption that Olympic Foods’ “long experience” has taught it how to do things better. There is, however, no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. Just as likely, Olympic Foods has learned nothing from its 25 years in the food-processing business. Lacking this assumption, the expectation of increased efficiency is entirely unfounded.
Second, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from the color-film processing industry are applicable to the food processing industry. Differences between the two industries clearly outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy highly less than valid. For example, problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation all affect the food industry but are virtually absent in the film-processing industry. Problems such as these might present insurmountable obstacles that prevent lowering food-processing costs in the future.
As it stands the author’s argument is not compelling. To strengthen the conclusion that Olympic Foods will enjoy minimal costs and maximum profits in the future, the author would have to provide evidence that the company has learned how to do things better as a result of its 25 years of experience. Supporting examples drawn from industries more similar to the food-processing industry would further substantiate the author’s view.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:56
（18）本月机经2次 上月机经11次
The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company:
“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintains better supervision of all employees.”（2）
提供观点：
1. causal oversimplification: It is imprudent to conclude that the establishment of the field offices is the only reason explaining the decline of the profit.
2. all things are equal: The success of the centralization of the past does not guarantee the applicability in the future.
3. either-or-or choice: The author assumes that the centralization and the establishment of field offices are mutually exclusive alternatives, there is no middle ground between they two. In fact, we can have the field offices under centralized control.
北美范文：
In this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized location because the company had been more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.
First, the author assumes that centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and streamlining supervision of employees. This assumption is never supported with any data or projections. Moreover, the assumption fails to take into account cost increases and inefficiency that could result from centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating travel costs and loss of critical time. In short, this assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus other possible cost-cutting and/or profit-enhancing strategies.
Second, the only reason offered by the author is the claim that Apogee was more profitable when it had operated from a single, centralized location. But is centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy buying policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to diminishing profits, this argument commits the fallacy of assuming that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another (decentralization), the second event has been caused by the first.
In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that Apogee should close field offices and centralize, this author must provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and rule out factors other than decentralization that might be affecting current profits negatively.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:57
（19）本月机经1次 上月机经8次
The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.
“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form — either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”
*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.
报纸的图书版的文章： 现在越来越多的书有了电子版，或者放在网上免费获得，或者在光盘上以很低的价格出售。因此文学经典可以得到比以前更广泛的阅读。不能以书店价格购买这些书的人现在可以用很少的钱或者不花钱来阅读他们。类似的，觉得去图书馆或者等待其他人还书不方便的人现在可以通过家里或者工作用的电脑得到他想要的任何名著。这和文学名著接触的增长将从根本上影响公众的阅读品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博学的读者。
v1.投资公司的一个A：现在人们有途径能够在网上用很低的价钱看到电子书。人们可以在网上看到经典的文学作品。然后说调查显示72%的人愿意看电子书，81%的人愿意看传统的书籍。结论是应该投钱给E-CLassics 公司，因为这是一个新开的电子书店。
V2.有关E-book on literal classics
大意是说：现在买电子书不用花钱或者只需很低价格。然后有一个online survey说xx%人会看电子书，xx%人觉得看literal classics很重要。因此作者推荐xx公司投资做literal classics的电子书业务。
提供思路：
1. More accesses to cheaper books do not necessarily guarantee the desire to read classics.
2. the survey is doubtful
3. It is hard to make profit when there are so many E-books available on the net.
北美范文
In this article the author concludes that literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before. The author’s line of reasoning is that the availability of books in electronic form and access of books via the Internet has removed the two major impediments that prevented people from reading literary classics, namely price and convenient access. Since books can be accessed from home or work via computers at little or no cost, the author believes that significant changes in the society will occur. Specifically, the author maintains that access to literary classics will affect the public’s taste in reading and will result in a more learned and cultured reading audience. The author’s argument is unconvincing for several reasons.
First, the author assumes that price and convenient access are the primary reasons people fail to read literary classics. While this is a tempting assumption, it is not obviously true. For example, other reasons, such as lack of interest in these books or awareness of them on the part of the reading public could equally account for the failure to read them. Consequently, it may turn out that, contrary to the author’s expectation, the number of people who read literary classics is unaffected by their increased availability and lower cost.
Second, while it may be the case that access to books at affordable prices has increased as a result of new technology, the author provides no evidence for the assumption that access to literary classics at affordable prices has increased as well. On the face of it, this assumption seems innocuous; however there may be reasons that prevent literary classics from being marketed in the fashion described by the author. For example, the inability to secure the requisite permissions to reproduce these books in electronic form, or the lack of commercial interest in marketing them via the Internet could undermine the author’s assumption.
In conclusion, this argument is not convincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to provide evidence for the assumption that price and accessibility are the main reasons people fail to read literary classics. Additionally, evidence would be required for the assumption that access to literary classics
will be increased.
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:57
（20）本月机经1次 上月机经次
EastCredit Company 为了提高和其他credit company的竞争优势，决定将部分a portion of credit card profits 捐献给某个well known environmentalorganization, 以得到这个org的logo印在credit card上。 有个recent survey表示a large percentage of people are concerned about environmentalproblems, 因此，company的行为能够attract new customers, 保持旧customers， 同时能够提高interest rates高于以前的Lowest level
作者: houri 时间: 2011-6-10 15:57
（21）本月机经1次 上月机经1次
employee survey得到的结果，所以增加高层管理层与员工之间的沟通
考古：
讲的是一个公司做了个调查，让员工把公司最需要改变的因素排序。多数人选的上下级沟通。 还说这个测试是由高层领导做的，保证了测试完备。最后说这样，公司达到了预期目的。
作者: flyfairy019 时间: 2011-6-24 22:08
many thanks @@
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