1.
现在scienceand technology 发展很快，学校是不是要多多teachingscience and technology, less teaching arts and huminties(不记得咋拼了，大该就是人文的意思吧）

上月机经：4次

原题：“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essentialto modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science andtechnology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”（37）

北美范文：

Becausescientific knowledge is increasingly important in our technological world andin the practical world of jobs and careers, schools should devote sufficienttime to teaching mathematics and science. This is notto say, however, that schools should devote less time to the arts orhumanities. To the contrary, in a technologicalage the study of arts and humanities is probably more important than ever—forthree reasons.

Firstof all, studying the arts and humanities can help students become better mathematicians and scientists. For example, recentstudies of cognitive development show thatstudying music at an early age can strengthen a child’s later grasp of mathematics.And understanding philosophical concepts has helped scientists recognize theirown presuppositions, and frame their centralquestions more accurately.

Secondly,studying the creative and intellectual achievement of others helps inspire ourown creativity and intellectual questioning. This is particularly important inan era dominated by technology, where we run a serious risk of becoming automatons who fit neatly into the efficientfunctioning of some system.

Finally,technology is valuable as an efficient means to our important goals. Butneither technology, nor the science on which it is founded, decides which goalsare best, or judges the moral value of the means we choose for theirattainment. We need the liberal arts (文科)
to helpus select worthwhile ends and ethical means.

Inconclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities.These areas of study augment and enhance learningin mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of ourentire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplineswithin the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the moralityof our technology and for determining its proper direction.

2.
本月2次

v1.环境保护是goverment责任还是eachindividual person滴责任

V2.环保是个人的RESPONSIBILITY,不是政府的

上月机经 2次

提供观点：

1，
个人往往是按照自己的利益办事即使有环保意愿但和个人利益冲突或要损失个人利益时候往往就会选择牺牲环境moreover个人往往是短视的，只关注眼前不注意长远。政府则相反

2，
环保常常规模很大，个人无力完成。

3，
诚然每个保护环境的措施都是要个人的参与的。但是这种参与是在政府的统筹下的。象作者那样的论断是草率的

a tug ofwar拔河，两派间的激烈竞争
a political tug of war between those in favorof the new legislation and those against it.

large in scaleparticipation participate ensure preservation individual

on behalf of 为了 at large 逍遥自在不受限制的；全体地普遍地

Experience tellsus that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic andpolitical interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large.

completeelimination emission automobile nevertheless不过 manufacturer manufacture because voluntarilyvolunteer voluntary volunteer voluntary voluntarily sacrifice accomplish

regulatory调整的 enforcement impose necessarystandard ensure achieve aside from inherently inherent pandemic全国流行的 epidemic流行的
traverse border environment environmentalhazard enemy analysis authority authoritative possess attainment agreed-upon 意见一致的

1，
Theproponents of this assertion may argue that the natural environment ultimatelybelongs to each individual person, therefore, it is reasonable to attribute toeach person the responsibility for preserving it. a, 必须要承认的是，我们共同使用环境资源，thecondition of the environment may have directly effect on each person。所以，人人都hasthe obligation to protect the environment from being polluted. b, 只有人人都积极地保护环境，

2，
However,to leave all the responsibility to individuals is hardly a wise decision.Despite of the argument above, we should still not lose the sight of the factthat individuals have strong propensity of self-interest and short-termconsideration. 没有政府的监督，很少有人自愿作出牺牲以保护环境（voluntarily make sacrificeto protect the environment.）比如如果政府不forbidden smoking in public，smokersmay enjoy their cigarettes whenever they want.Deforestation kill excessively

很多情况下，重大fatal的保护环境举措，没有政府的支持做不到。比如工厂dumpingnoxious water into the river/ deforestation/ kill excessively…以上那些行动，个人的力量根本不能阻止prohibit.

Optional words:

Preserve/conserve/ maintain

Thesissentence: While individual person can do a lot to protect our naturalenvironment, the responsibility of preservation the overall environment lies inthe hands of government with help form each individual in the society.

View1: Experiencetells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-termeconomic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the publicat large.

View2:thegovernment has certain advantages in preserving the environment.

Evidence:

thegovernment can place certain regulations on the wastes and pollutants towardsenvironment emitted by industries.

Finesdeprived from corporations and individual ones that disobey the environmentalregulations can be used on many ways such as preserve the forests, plantingtrees, create conserved areas that will improve our current situations.

北美范文：

Whilenearly everyone would agree in principle thatcertain efforts to preserve the natural environment are in humankind’s bestinterest, environmental issues always involve a tug ofwar (n. 拔河, 两派间的激烈竞争)
amongconflicting political and economic interests. For this reason, and because seriousenvironmental problems are generally large in scale,government participation is needed to ensure environmental preservation.

Experiencetells us that individuals (and private corporations owned by individuals) tendto act on behalf of their own short-termeconomic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the publicat large. For example, current technology makespossible the complete elimination of polluting emissions from automobiles.Nevertheless, neither automobile manufacturers nor consumers are willing orable to voluntarily make the short-term sacrifices necessary to accomplish thisgoal. Only the government holds the regulatory and enforcement power to imposethe necessary standards and to ensure that we achieve such goals.

Asidefrom the problems of self-interest and enforcement, environmental issuesinherently involve public health and are far too pandemicin nature for individuals to solve on their own.Many of the most egregious environmental violations traverse state andsometimes national borders. Environmental hazards areakin to those involving food and drug safety and to protecting bordersagainst enemies; individuals have neither the power nor the resources to address these widespread hazards.

Inthe final analysis, only the authority and scope of power that a governmentpossesses can ensure the attainment of agreed-uponenvironmental goals. Because individuals are incapable of assuming thisresponsibility, government must do so.

3.
本月2次

the effectiveness depends more on the quality of other studentsthan the quality of the teacher.

上月机经：3次

V1
学生的学习效率相对于老师的质量更多的取决于同学的的质量；

V2
让学生学习effectively,other students和teachers 哪个重要

V3How effectively one learns in a classroom is determined more by the quality ofother students than by the quality of the teacher. Agree or not?

4.
itis duty for an employee to put needs of a company first

上月机经：5次

没有找到题库，这道题在上个月的寂静中也出现了，大概意思是对的

提供观点：两方面，工作的时候应该把公司需要放在第一位，工作之外的时间就不一定了

5.
issue考的是环境那篇，科学家定义的对环境有益的standard一直在变，问问公司要不要resistchanging their product and process in reponse to new recomendation  untilthe recommendation has been the government's regulation.

上月机经 3次

原题：“Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what isbeneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting,companies should resist changing their products and processes in response toeach new recommendation until those recommendations become governmentregulations.”（42）

提供观点：

1.
科学家的建议也并不一定都是正确的。很有可能他的结论适用面很窄。或者他所得到的数据有错误等等。

2.
对企业来说频繁的变更产品和生产流程会造成很大的经济损失

3.
诚然等待国家制定标准很可能存在滞后等问题但是比较起来以上的问题还是应该等待国家制定标准。此外一个折中的方案是国家成立专门的机构快速地对新的方案和建议做出评价并迅速制定标准

split the difference lagevaluate

View1: Therecommendations given by scientists are usually controversial or have inconsistentperspectives on same questions, thus can not provide clear directions onactions that companies should adopt,

View 2: changingproducts and processes too often will inevitably increase cost and lowerproductivity. Therefore do harm to the companies .

View3: whilewaiting for government regulations may draw back the processes of solving theproblems, it is relatively a better strategy for companies to follow. We cancount on the authorities to speed up the process of conversion betweenscientific discoveries and official regulations.

北美范文：

Thespeaker argues that because scientists continually shift viewpoints about howour actions affect the natural environment, companies should not change theirproducts and processes according to scientific recommendations until thegovernment requires them to do so. This argument raises complex issues aboutthe duties of business and about regulatory fairnessand effectiveness. Although a wait-and-see (adj. 观望的) policy may helpcompanies avoid costly and unnecessary changes, three countervailingconsiderations compel me to disagree overall with the argument.

First,a regulatory system of environmental protection might not operate equitably. At first glance,a wait-and-see response might seem fair in thatall companies would be subject to the same standards and same enforcement measures. However, enforcement requiresdetection, and while some violators may becaught, others might not. Moreover, a broad regulatory system imposes generalstandards that may not apply equitably to every company. Suppose, for example, thatpollution from a company in a valley does more damage to the environment thansimilar pollution from a company on the coast. It would seem unfair to requirethe coastal company to invest as heavily in abatement or, in the extreme (adv.非常, 极端), to shut down the operation if the company cannot afford abatement measures.

Secondly,the argument assumes that the government regulations will properly reflectscientific recommendations. However, this claim is somewhat dubious. Companieswith the most money and political influence, not the scientists, might in somecases dictate regulatory standards. In other words, legislators may be moreinfluenced by political expediency and campaign pork (pork:government money, jobs, or favors used by politicians as patronage) thanby societal concerns.

Thirdly,waiting until government regulations are in place canhave disastrous effects on the environment. A great deal of environmentaldamage can occur before regulations are implemented. This problem is compoundedwhenever government reaction to scientific evidence is slow. Moreover, the EPA (EnvironmentalProtection Agency 美国环保署) might beoverburdened with its detection and enforcement duties, thereby allowingcontinued environmental damage by companies who have not yet been caught or whoappeal penalties.

Inconclusion, despite uncertainty within the scientificcommunity about what environmental standards are best, companies shouldnot wait for government regulation before reacting to warnings about environmentalproblems. The speaker’s recommended approach would in many cases operateinequitably among companies: moreover, it ignores the political-corruptionfactor as well as the potential environmental damage resulting frombureaucratic delay.

7.
一个是全球化，我们应该把自己当做世界公民而不是某个国家的公民。

上月机经 4次

原题：“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and internationalcooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the worldis more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”（40）

提供观点：

1.
两者并不是完全对立的环保

2.
事实上两者可以相互促进一个人在一个国家做慈善工作很可能也会有一天为别的国家的人服务

3.
当两者冲突的时候哪个更重要取决与不同的情况。

代替取代supersede compatible be compatible with...citizenship domain This one person would be acting consistently as a citizen ofcommunity, state, nation and world. Admittedly, conflicting/clashing/discordantobligations sometimes arise as a result of our new dual citizenship.obligatoryIn sum, although our "dual" citizenship may at times lead toconflict, one role need not automatically take precedence over the other. moreoften than not The relationship between the two roles is, more often than not,a complementary one, and can even be synergistic. synergistic coactivecomplementcomplementary supplement

1.
有时, 很多问题是全球性的,需要世界公民的角度考虑,而非只站在一国角度.比如,环境问题,能源问题,等等.人们应该为整个地球负责任,而不仅仅是为了一个民族或国家.因为,如果是后者,则很有可能只解决自己的问题,而把危害转移到别的国家.shift the burden and threats from one nation to another…比如:出口垃圾,比如大量进口发展中国家的木材.虽然自己的国家暂时解决了问题,但长远看,没有国家孤立地存在,不能short-sightand narrow mind, 因为interdependent.

2.
但这不意味着人们就要discard orweaken their role as citizens of one nation. 其实两者并不是incompatible, 更多时候,可以作为complementary one—and can even be synergistic.比如the preservation of traditionalculture, 人们作为一国公民,保护自己独特文化的同时, 实际上也为全球的diversityof culture作出了positive effort. 比如, 为一个国家的public service付出努力的同时,很可能激发起公民的社会责任感和compassionand responsibility, 参与到国际public service 中,比如很多charitarian就开始从对本国的慈善事业subsidizethe school in one nation也激发起对attention to the education in theinternational scope.

View1: people’s role as citizens of the world is become moreand more important in the modern society.

View2: Without the awareness of being citizens of a particularcountry, people will find no roots to behave on the stage of the world.

View3: these two roles, national and international, are notmutually exclusive alternatives. They can be properly combined.

北美范文：

Withthe growth of the global economy and the need for international cooperation,every human being has assumed a role as citizen of the world. Does this meanthat our roles as citizens of our respective nations are thereby superseded by our role as world citizens, as thespeaker suggests? Not at all. Good citizenship at one level is often compatiblewith good citizenship at another. In fact, being agood citizen in one social domain can help one be a better citizen in another.

Goodglobal citizenship is not incompatible with good citizenship at other levels. Consider, for example, one’s effortsas a citizen to preserve the natural environment. One particular person might,for example: (1) lobby legislators to enact laws preserving an endangered redwood forest, (2) campaign for nationally-electedofficials who support clean air laws, and (3) contribute to international rainforest (n. 雨林) preservationorganizations. This one person would be acting consistently as a citizen ofcommunity, state, nation and world.

Admittedly,conflicting obligations sometimes arise as aresult of our new “dual” citizenship. For example, a U.S.military official with an advisory role in a United Nations peace-keeping forcemight face conflicting courses of action—one that would secure U.S.military interests, and another that would better serve internationalinterests. However, the fact that such a conflict exists does not mean thateither action is automatically more obligatory—that is, that one’s role aseither U.S.citizen or world citizen must invariably supersede the other. Instead, thissituation should be resolved by carefully consideringand weighing the consequences of each course ofaction.

Moreover,being a good citizen in one social context can often help one be a bettercitizen in another. For example, volunteering to help underprivileged childrenin one’s community might inspire one to work for an international child-welfareorganization. And inculcating civic values—such as charityand civic pride—may give rise to personaltraits of character that transfer to all social domains and contexts.

Insum, although our “dual” citizenship may at times lead to conflicts, one roleneed not automatically take precedence over theother. Moreover, the relationship between the two roles is, more often thannot, a complementary one—and can even be synergistic.

1.
本月2次

Themost effective way for a businessperson to maximize profits over a long periodof time is to follow the highest standards of ethics.

V2 : the mosteffective business leaders are who maintain highest ethical standards.

提供观点：

1、
反面的例子可以是说如果从最高的道德规范来看有些污染环境的行业根本就不应该存在。但是从企业的长期发展来看以及从社会的福利最大化来看，只要污染控制在一定范围就好。如化工厂只要把排污控制在国家规定的范围就好。

道德不明确，每个人的标准不一样；法律立法时符合大多数人的要求明确具体；时滞可以用提高立法效率来解决

2、
支持者会认为,高道德会赢得reputationand trust; 第一, 高道德生产高质量的产品以及service,顾客稳定stableshare of the market; 第二, 高道德会让员工满意度提高(公平，平等).从而attractthose applicants with high ability and keep the employees loyal to thecompany---最终导致高的productivity.

例子：Bayer, one ofthe largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, announced that the companywould cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardousingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss onprofitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which cancontribute to the long-term success of the company.

3、
但在更多的情况下,高道德也许不equalto maximal profit. 比如,a, 如果把道德放在第一位的话,企业的executive很可能无法执行裁员活动completethe normal administration, such as raising the price, reducing thesuperabundant staff…
b, 高道德的话，很可能采用最高标准的环保生产——这样很不是cost-effective.
总之，Following such undue concern aboutethics, the company may find it impossible to survive in the radicalcompetitive market, let alone to gain large profit.

View1:the definition of highest standards of ethics varies from person to person andtime to time. Therefore, it is impractical to find and then stick to thehighest standards of ethics.

View2:the regulations and laws of authorities are more feasible and suitablestandards to follow.

View3:while waiting for government regulations may draw back the processes ofeliminating the ill actions, we can count on the authorities to speed up theprocess of refining the laws and regulations.

北美范文：

Thespeaker claims that following high ethical standards is the best way tomaximize profits in the long run. However, this claim seems to be more of a normative statement than an empirical observation.The issue is more complex than the speaker suggests. In my observation, the twoobjectives at times coincide but at other times conflict.

Inmany ways behaving ethically can benefit a business. Ethical conduct will gaina company good reputation that earns repeated business. Treating suppliers,customers and others fairly is likely to result in their reciprocating. Finally, a company that treats itsemployees fairly and with respect will gaintheir loyalty which, in turn, usually translates into higherproductivity.

Onthe other hand, taking the most ethical course of action may in many casesreduce profits, in the short run and beyond.Consider the details of a merger in which both firms hope to profit from a synergy (n.最佳协合作用,企业合并后的协力优势) gained thereby. Ifthe details of the merger hinge on (v. 靠..转动, 以..为转移)
theethical conviction that as few employees as possible should lose their jobs,the key executives may lose sight of the fact that a leaner, less labor-intensive organization might be necessary forlong-term survival. Thus, undue concern with ethics in this case would resultsin lower profits and perhaps ultimate business failure.

Thismerger scenario points out a larger argument that the speaker missesentirely-that profit maximization is per se the highest ethical objective inprivate business. Why? By maximizing profits, businesses bestow a variety ofimportant benefits on their community and on society: they employ more people,stimulate the economy, and enhance healthy competition. In short, the profitmotive is the key to ensuring that the members of a free market society surviveand thrive. While this argument might ignore implications for the naturalenvironment and for socioeconomic (of, relating to, or involving a combinationof social and economic factors) justice, it is a compelling argumentnonetheless.

Thusthe choice to follow high ethical standards should not be made by thinking thatethical conduct is profitable. While in some cases a commitment to high ethicalstandards might benefit a company financially, in many cases it will not. Inthe final analysis, businesses might best be advised to view their attempts tomaximize profits as highly ethical behavior.

9.
本月2次

v1.Technologies tend to seperate and alienate people rather thanbring people together.

V2.technology ultimately alienates and seperates people more thanbrings people together

11.
nobodycan achieve a real success or 'get rich' by comforming thought or thining thisway.

上月机经1次

原题：No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or ‘getrich’ in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of thinking.（81）

提供观点：

1.
A conformist can achieve any real successespecially lasting success. Real and lasting success needs innovation and hardwork. Just to conform does not make any sense. Through imitating others, onecan only become an artisan-painter rather than an artist; without anyinnovation, a scientific worker can never be acknowledged as a scientist.

2.
Likewise, no one can "get rich" inbusiness merely conform to the existing practices.

3.
However, what I mentioned above does notmean that conventions have no value at all. We should not only know theconventions but also have a deep insight of it, thus getting the information ofthe domain that indicates what kind of innovation can be made and how make.

1，
Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternalunless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. (FranklinRoosevelt, American president)

2，
Growth and change are the law of all life.Yesterday's answers
are inadequate fortoday's problems ----just as the solutions of today will not fill the needs oftomorrow. (Franklin Roosevelt, American president)

以上是两个很有用的名言！都是Franklin Roosevelt：AsPresident Franklin Roosevelt said, “…”

1，
的确在很多情况下，merely!!遵循旧的方法，很难保持long-lastingsuccess。在很多consumer-drivenindustries, 顾客们追求innovative and different products。比如，一个itis ridiculous for a abacus manufactory cannot competewith the calculator factory by producing better abaci. 必须创新，才能keepup with the development of the market.

2，
但是在有一些为了financial achievement的一些businessprinciples. 比方说，a, 追求efficiency, 降低cost是永恒的需要——所以要追求新技术，创造不同的产品；b,比如保持企业的reputation，吸引充足的consumer.——制造质量好的产品。c,企业作为社会的一分子，不能单纯地追求利益最大化，也应该carrysome responsibility for the whole community。

Thesis sentence: Whether a conformist can achieve lasting success or"get rich" in business depends primarily on the type of businessinvolved. Iconoclasts rise to the top in newer industries and in those whereconsumer demand is in constant flux. Conformists ultimately prevail, however,in traditional service industries ensconced in systems and regulations.

View1: In consumer-driven industries, innovation, productdifferentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting success

Evidence: retail and media sectors. And intechnology, companies that fail to break away from last year's paradigm aresoon left behind by the competition.

View2: However, in traditional service industries—such asfinance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care—lasting successand riches come not to nonconformists but rather to those who can deliverservices most effectively within the confines of established practices,policies, and regulations.

Evidence:Citibank gain high reputation for its insistence in comprehensively considerateservices

北美范文：

Whethera conformist can achieve lasting success or“get rich” in business depends primarily on the type of business involved.Iconoclasts rise to the top in newer industries and in those where consumerdemand is in constant flux. Conformists ultimately prevail, however, intraditional service industries ensconced insystems and regulations.

Inconsumer-driven industries, innovation, productdifferentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting success, in theretail and media sectors, for example, unconventional products and advertisingare necessary to catch the attention of consumers and to keep up with the vagaries of consumer tastes. Those who take aniconoclastic approach tend to recognize emergingtrends and to rise above their peers. For example, Ted Turner’sdeparture from the traditional format of the other television networks, and theresponsiveness of Amazon.com to burgeoning Internet commerce, propelled thesetwo giants to leadership positions in their industries. And in technology, wherethere are no conventional practices or ways of thinking to begin with,companies that fail to break away from last year’s paradigm are soon leftbehind by the competition.

However,in traditional service industries—such as finance, accounting, insurance, legalservices, and health care—lasting success and riches (pl. 财富, 财产) come not tononconformists but rather to those who can deliver services most effectivelywithin the confines of established practices, policies, and regulations. Ofcourse, a clever idea for structuring a deal, or a creative legal maneuver, mayplay a role in winning smaller battles along the way.But such tactics are those of conformists who are playing by the same ground rules (程序, [运动]体育场馆的运动章程)
as theirpeers; winners are just better at the game.

Inconclusion, while non-conformists tend to be the wildly successful players in technology-driven and consumer-driven industries,traditionalists are the winners in system-driven industriespervaded by policy, regulation, and bureaucracy.

12.
agreeor disagree：theoverall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at thepresent because of recent advantament in such areas as business and technology.

上月机经4次

提供观点：

1，
物质生活更丰富，生活更便利，不受天灾威胁

2，
节奏太快，远离自然

3，
进步是双刃剑要好好利用double-edged sword

1.
progressin technology and business确实给人们的生活带来了considerableimprovement. a, in the material life，提供了unprecedented diversity of serviceand products。supermarket：hundreds and thousands of productsfor people to choose；——三月份就可以吃到新鲜的草莓freshstrawberry
b, 方便。高效率in the convenience of ourown homes
：得到信息在网上，订餐order adinner via internet； c, 人们的健康状况更好了，很多曾经可以威胁人生命的病现在只要简单的医疗手段就可以解决。

2.
但是，也不是说全都是好处，同时也有消极的影响。比如a, 人们spendmore time on television and internet, 忽略了overlook the necessary communication in the family。造成了alienation between the family members. b, 再比如，fast communication on-line 剥夺了人们深入思考的可能。deprive people of deep and comprehensivethinking.

3.
使人们更加忙碌，疲劳。a, 人们的效率提高了，却被要求做更多的事了，实际上，人们更加忙碌了。比如the invention of laptopsprovide the possibility for people to continue their work after they leave thecompany.
even on holiday. b, 新技术发展很快，demand changes every day. 这样acceleratethe job obsolescence。造成人们suffer more pressure andanxiety.

北美范文：

Thestated opinion is that recent advancements in business and technology have madeoverall quality of life better than ever. Idisagree somewhat with the speaker’s viewpoint. For although such advancementshave improved our lives in many respects, they have also diminished our qualityof life in other ways.

Clearly,progress in business and technology has produced many benefits. For example, wecan research problems and their solutions in minutes on the Internet;productivity is at an all-time (adj. 空前的, 创记录的) high. And we canget more done in less time, leaving more time for hobbies, entertainment orother leisure activities. We can even mix a littlework into our leisure time, by taking our laptops (便携式电脑) and cell phones on vacation (在度假中). This way,we can stay one step ahead on projects at work, anticipating deadlines and staying in touch with co-workers and importantclients.

Inaddition, leisure time has itself been enhanced by business and technology.Never before have we had so many spectacular diversions available, or so manyleisure- and entertainment-related businesses vyingfor our attention. Moreover, we can obtain everything form airlinetickets to a language course and holiday wardrobe (行头a collection of wearing apparel (as ofone person or for one activity) *a summer wardrobe*) via the Internet, in the convenience of our own homes.

Nevertheless,advances in business and technology have compromised our quality of life aswell. For all the wonders of computers, theyhave spawned their own special illnesses and ailments,like severe eyestrain (眼睛疲劳), back and neckproblems, and carpal tunnel syndrome (n. 腕管综合征: a condition caused by compression of anerve where it passes through the wrist into the hand and characterizedespecially by weakness, pain, and disturbances of sensation in the hand). Andthough we now have a world of information available in a keystroke (按键，按一下键), some of thisinformation—like pornography, hate group diatribes and bomb-buildinginstructions—are harming our society, especially our children. Even apparentlyharmless material, like direct mail advertising andtelephone soliciting, is endlessly annoying.Finally, family life is sometimes a casualty (a person or thing injured, lost, ordestroyed : VICTIM *the ex-senator was a casualty of the last election*)of all this progress, with parents and children spending more time transfixed (使呆住) before their computer monitors and less time together.

Inconclusion, advances in business and technology are a mixed blessing. For whilewe enjoy many benefits of this so-called progress, in many ways it has changedour lives for the worse.

13.
surveillancecameras should be used on the city streets to assist officials identifying andarresting people who break the law.内容大抵如此，可能少了部分单词

上月机经6次

那个什么要安装监视cameras来enforce law officials的，什么的JJ上有

没有相关题库

提供几只上个月的狗：

[v1]the surveillance cameras are helpful for the police officials to identify andarrest someone who breaks the law.

[v2] 监视摄像头安装在城市街道上有助于lawenforcement officials to identify the people who break the law.

[v3] using the cameras helps the laws enforcementofficials in identifying and arresting the people who breaks the law.

狗狗里面少数几个没提纲的，对我这种考试前一天开始复习作文的人来说，是惩戒啊

现在想出几个能扯的方面

cameras 可以记录犯罪过程，确定犯罪时间，罪犯人数等，使得officials在办案中节省时间，提高准确度。夜间监视停车场、建筑物楼梯或走廊以及街道等不显眼的区域是有效的，还可以起到震慑潜在的罪犯的作用。

cameras的使用要注意，需要严加监管，以防侵犯老百姓的隐私

虽然有用，也得考虑下成本效益啊

14.
国家为了保护国家安全应该有权利检查公民图书馆和网页浏览记录

上月机经 5次

之前JJ看到过，政府为了保证国家安全，have access tocitizens’ library records and Internet history

[V2] 那个国家为了保密
就要检查大家的library record和internet神马的

暂时没找到准确题库，上个月的寂静中出现的观点为

Ininterest of national security, governments should have access to their citizens'library checkout records and Internet activity records

15.
"Physical activity 和academic 对学生同样地重要"

上月机经1次

Physicalactivity and sports are as important as education of academics

没找到对应题库，但题干基本确定了

考古：

[v2] physical activity and sports are as importantto students as academic skills

[v3] physical activity 跟academics对education一样重要

16.
Individualnation's effort , international cooperation

上月机经6次

有一个观点：一个国家不太可能会去牺牲一些东西去conserveenergy,所以应该联合各个国家，一起来做这个事儿，来给我们下一代留点东西用。两句话题目，很短的。然后就是 to whatextend you agree or disagree之类的了。

提供观点：

1.
To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. Noindividual country is able to do it independently.

2.
It is unfair to let individual nations to makesacrifices while the others do not.

3.
The best and the most efficient way is the wholewolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

1，
首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。selfconsideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。functionas the leader of the group.

2，
而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclearweapons proliferation

the problem of energyconservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations mustcooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

3，
当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用takepositive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

北美范文：

Thespeaker asserts that an international effort is needed to preserve the world’senergy resources for future generations. While individual nations, like people,are at times willing to make voluntary sacrifices for the benefit of others, myview is that international coordination isnevertheless necessary in light of the strongpropensity of nations to act selfishly, and because the problem isinternational in scope.

Themain reason why an international effort is necessary is that, left to their own devices,individual nations, like people, will act according to their short-term motivesand self-interest. The mere existence of military weapons indicates thatself-interest and national survival are every nation’s prime drivers. Andexcessive consumption by industrialized nations of natural resources they knowto be finite, when alternatives are at hand demonstrates that self-interest andshort-sightedness extend to the use of energy resources as well. Furthermore,nations, like people, tend to rationalize theirown self-serving policies and actions. Emerging nations might argue, forexample, that they should be exempt from energyconservation because it is the industrialized nations who can better afford tomake sacrifices and who use more resources in the first place.

Anotherreason why an international effort is required is that other problems of aninternational nature have also required global cooperation. For example, haseach nation independently recognized the follyof nuclear weapons proliferation andvoluntarily disarmed? No: only by way of an international effort, based largelyon coercion of strong leaders against detractors,along with an appeal to self-interest, have wemade some progress. By the same token (adv. 出于同样原因), efforts ofindividual nations to thwart international drugtrafficking have proven largely futile, because efforts have not beeninternationally based. Similarly, the problem of energy conservation transcendsnational borders in that either all nations mustcooperate, or all will ultimately suffer.

Inconclusion, nations are made up of individuals who, when left unconstrained,tend to act in their own self-interest and with short-term motives. In light of how we have dealt, or not dealt, withother global problems, it appears that an international effort is needed toensure the preservation of natural resources for future generations.

17.
政府应该加强对儿童（children）上网时对成人内容的接触的限制

上月机经10次

政府应该多加管制,以防孩子们在互联网上接触到adult materials

*The Internet is a worldwide computer network.（15）

提供观点：

1、国际合作在这中间十分必要.因为这种犯罪的遏止如同当年控制臭氧空洞(ozonedepletion)的元凶PRIME CRIMINAL(CFC)时候一样单独靠一个国家的力量这种污染是无法遏止的.

2、诚然,会遇到很大的政治制约(POLITICAL HURDLE)

regulate access material worthwhile cooperativeregulatory

universality普遍性广泛性Ibase this view on the universality and importance of the interest in protectingchildren from harm, and on the inherently global nature of this problem.

pornographic色情的 sexual性的性别的 emerging浮现出来的 sexuality 性特征bound containedwithin national border be akin to emission release phenomenon regulationcontamination污染物 contaminate admittedly formidable hurdle compliance 服从顺从consequence结果 cooperate

北美范文：

Theissue here is whether an international effort to regulate children’s access toadult material on the Internet is worthwhile. In my view, nations shouldattempt to regulate such access by cooperative regulatory effort. I base thisview on the universality and importance of theinterest in protecting children from harm, and on the inherently pandemic nature of the problem.

Adultseverywhere have a serious interest in limiting access by children to pornographic material. Pornographic material tends toconfuse children—distorting their notion of sex, of themselves as sexualbeings, and of how people ought to treat one another. Particularly in the caseof domination and child pornography, themessages children receive from pornographic material cannot contribute in ahealthy way to their emerging sexuality. Giventhis important interest that knows no cultural bounds,we should regulate children’s access to sexually explicit material on the Internet.

However,information on the Internet is not easily contained within national borders.Limiting access to such information is akin to preventing certain kinds ofglobal environmental destruction. Consider the problem of ozone depletionthought to be a result of chloroflourocarbon(CFC) emissions. When the government regulated CFC production in the U.S.,corporations responsible for releasing CFC’s into the atmosphere simply movedabroad, and the global threat continued. Similarly, the Internet is a globalphenomenon; regulations in one country will not stop “contamination” overall.Thus, successful regulation of Internet pornography requires internationalcooperation, just as successful CFC regulationfinally required the joint efforts of many nations.

Admittedly,any global regulatory effort faces formidablepolitical hurdles, since cooperation andcompliance on the part of all nations—even warringones—is inherently required. Nevertheless, as in the case of nuclear disarmament or global warming, the possibleconsequences of failing to cooperate demand that the effort be made. And dissenters can always becoerced into compliance politically or economically by an alliance ofinfluential nations.

Insum, people everywhere have a serious interest in the healthy sexualdevelopment of children and, therefore, in limiting children’s access toInternet pornography. Because Internet material is not easily confined withinnational borders, we can successfully regulate children’s access to adultmaterials on the Internet only by way of international cooperation.

20.
Everywhere,it seems today, people are repectful of differences of one another.(我这个写得蒙掉了- -)

上月机经 3次

作文记不全了，好像是everywhere,
什么的 have clear andpositive signs that people are becoming more respectful of each other'sdifferences.

提供观点：

基本同意作者的观点

1.
一方面我们的立法越来越完善不断向着消除歧视和偏见的方向发展。这从强制的方面要求人们尊重和其他人的不同

2.
另一方面，随着技术的不断进步交流的不断深入人们对别的文化也有了更深的了解。而了解就会使得不同文化的人们提高对对方文化和行为的自发的非强制的尊重。

3.
诚然现在还有很多的种族的性别的等各个方面的歧视。但是我们很高兴地看到事情在向好的方面发展。

1、
Theincreased globalization has provided more opportunities than ever before tocontact and acknowledge cultures of other nations. 对于不同的宗教信仰和文化习俗，人们采取了更加宽容moretolerant attitude toward dissimilar culture, including religion and custom fromother nations. 比方说：Chinahad long closed itself to the outside of the world for many centuries before itopened the door in 1980’s.在那段时间里，西方文明被简单地理解为怪异和粗鲁的consideredto be strange or rude. 而现在，接触了更多后，中国也认识到了不同，并且充分地接受和借鉴evenlearn from他们。

2、
然而，在很多领域，尽管通过legislation，已经改变了一些tosome extent，但严重的discrimination and prejudice still remain severedespite of the legislation…
比方说，racial,gender虽然立法规定了男女在工作一样的情况下得到一样工资，但是社会人为地perceived inequity still exist since 男和女被分为不同种类的工作。

3、
有成绩，但仍然需要努力。对不同的高度容忍体现文明的发展程度。sign of… 之类。所以要一起努力。

来自北美范文：

Indetermining whether we are becoming more respectful of one another’sdifferences, one must examine both overt (open to view: MANIFEST)actions and underlying motives, as well as examining whether our differencesare increasing or decreasing. The issue, therefore, is quite complex, and theanswer is unclear.

Disrespectfor one another’s differences manifests itself in various forms of prejudiceand discrimination. Since the civil rights and feminist movements of the 60sand 70s, it would seem that we have made significant progress towardeliminating racial and sexual discrimination. Anti-discriminatory laws in theareas of employment, housing (供给住宅,住房供给dwellings provided for people), andeducation, now protect all significant minority groups racial minorities andwomen, the physically challenged (adj. having a disability or deficiency)and, more recently, homosexuals. Movies andtelevision shows, which for better or worse (adv. 不论好坏)
havebecome the cynosure of our cultural attention,now tout the rights of minorities, encouraging acceptance of and respect forothers.

However,much of this progress is forced upon us legislative. Without Title 10 and its progenies (a body offollowers, disciples, or successors), would we voluntarilyrefrain from the discriminatory behavior that the laws prevent? Perhaps not. Moreover, signs of disrespect are allaround us today. Extreme factions still rally around bigoteddemagogues; the number of “hate crimes” isincreasing alarmingly; and school-age children seem to flaunt a disrespecttoward adults as never before. Finally, what appears to be respect for oneanother’s differences may in fact be an increasing global homogeneity—that is, we are becoming more and morealike.

Insum, on a societal level it is difficult to distinguish between
genuinerespect for one another’s differences on the one hand and
legislated morality and increasing homogeneityon the other.
Accordingly, the claim that we are becoming morerespectful of one another’s differences is somewhat dubious.

21.
professionaldevelopment will sacrifice personal life.

上月机经5次

提供观点：

1.
两者并不矛盾而是相互促进相辅相成

2.
科学技术的进步使人更高效率的工作也能让人更好的协调两者的关系

3.
诚然一定的牺牲是必然要做出的但是绝对不是生活中的重要方面

1.
cost of living, growing population,increasingly scarce resource… all contribute to a radical competitive society. 是客观条件forcepeople to work longer hours, 自然, 无法避免地剥夺了人们的personallife. 这一点在很多发展中国家尤其明显:缺乏社会福利lackof social welfare, 人口膨胀populationexplosion, 人们面临更大的失业压力.

2.
而反对这种观点的人说, 先进的科技已经帮助人们沟通更加便利,提高效率,甚至在家中办公,已经大大地减少了对个人生活的压榨.但是closescrutiny will reveal that 事实上,这种进步,更加剧了exacerbate人们工作的强度intensity.提高的效率,更要求人们一天干更多事,在家中办公的可能,也被充分地利用成了加班overtime.

View1: a fulfilling personal life guarantees a healthy mindand energetic body which enhance professional performance.

View2: Having a joyful career to devote to also in turn help toensure a fulfilling personal life.

View3: if to achieve professional success must have somethingto sacrifice, the things may not necessarily the important aspects of personallives.

北美范文：

Areprofessional success and a fulfilling personal life mutuallyexclusive? Probably not, although it is more difficult today to achieveboth.

Undeniably, today’s professionals must work long hoursto keep their heads above water (keep one’s heads above water: v. 免遭灭顶之灾, 不负债), let alone to getahead in life financially. This is especially true in Japan, where cost of living,coupled with corporate culture, compel professional males to all but (adv. 几乎, 差一点) abandon theirfamilies and literally to work themselves to death. While the situation here inthe states (United States) may not be ascritical, the two-income family is now the norm, not bychoice but by necessity.

However,our society’s professionals are taking steps to remedythe problem. First, they are inventing ways—such as jobsharing and telecommuting (远程交换,远程办公)—to ensure thatpersonal life does not take a backseat (n. 后座, 次要位置) to career.Second, they are setting priorities and living those hours outside the workplace to the fullest. In fact, professionalsuccess usually requires the same time-management skills that are useful tofind time for family, hobbies, and recreation. One need only look at the recentAmerican presidents—Clinton, Bush, Reagan, and Carter—to see that it ispossible to lead a balanced life which includestime for family, hobbies, and recreation, while immersedin a busy and successful career. Third, more professionals are changingcareers to ones which allow for some degree of personal fulfillment and self-actualization(n. 自我实现,自我潜力充分发挥). Besides, manyprofessionals truly love their work and would do it without compensation, as ahobby. For them, professional fulfillment and personal fulfillment are one and the same(n. 同一个, 完全一回事).

In conclusion, given the growing demands ofcareer on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible byworking smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.