对。又是白勇。对于很多大牛来说，是简单的，不屑的，不能满足胃口的。但是对于更多的潜在大牛来说，是好的开始。自己总结的，总还是不同的。

来来。让我们一起抠住知识点。这里的句子中一些结构，虽然在本题中不是考点，但是也可能在其他题目中成为可以借鉴的GMAT真题例子。

我抛砖引玉。这里都是经过复习后，把各个选项攻击得体无完肤之后再次敲出来的正确答案，然后分析句子成分的结果。

由于才疏学浅，若干细节的成分还不是很清楚。这也是晒出来的目的之一，即共同打破沙锅问到底。

用颜色对应成分和说明。对应着看，比较乱。但是对应起来，就好了。

主谓一致第1-10题。

1. While all states face similarindustrial waste problems, the predominantindustries and the regulatory environment of each state obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.

While引导一个从句，和主句是让步关系。主句的主语、谓语和宾语。定语2套。

考点：each、their等代词的单数、复数主谓一致。

2. The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’s has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators.

主语谓语宾语和补足语。

宾语中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to trace… originators.

定语和状语。

知识点：make的用法

Make sth. sth.

例句1：China's economicrise will not make it thedominant global power.

例句2：The economic news these days may be grim, but there's one magazine whose excellent writing can be relied on to make it less painful reading: The Economist.

Make sth. adj.

例句1：Make it simple.

例句2：It does make it hard for me.

Make it adj. to do

例句1：Weak economic growth will make it difficult toreduce the deficit.

例句2：Why small prizes make iteasier to win?

奖励点：Trace 作为不及物动词。

   例句：The history of this family can trace to 17th century。

例句：Traces of Jewish culture are found in China that trace to more than athousand years back.  （Trace作为名词和不及物动词，一举两得。）

3. Psychologists now contend that the way adults think and feel is determined as much by theirearly childhood peers as by their parents.

红色字体是主语谓语和宾语。宾语是that宾语从句。

That宾语从句中的主语和谓语。

The way的定语。

now当然是状语啦。

as much by their early childhood peers as by their parents是什么成分还不清楚！

考点：As much… as…的平行结构

加by -- As much (by) … as (by)

例句1：In contrast—here, and elsewhere during this trip—Mr Bush’s speeches lacked energy. They were marked as much by what he did not say as by what he did.

例句2：The next few years could be defined as much by the stagnation of the West as by the emergence of the rest, for three main reasons.

4. Inflation in medical costs slowed for the fifth consecutive year in 1986 but was still about 50 percent greater than the rate of price increased for other items included in the consumer price index.

红色主干主语inflation、谓语2个--slowed和was、宾语the rate，表语greater。

主语的状语。

介词+名词2套状语修饰谓语。

状语修饰谓语2was。

介词+名词状语修饰表语greater。

The rate的定语。

5. The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—spin was determined by collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar System.

红色主干。被动语态，其实是collisions determine the direction。这样动作关系就清楚了。
       In which定语从句修饰the direction。

With+名词、in+名词是状语修饰collisions。
      Of+名词是定语修饰history。

白勇说，While引导状语从句，和主句是转折关系。

我说，句子后面未划线部分中的with，决定了前面也用with 的短语，使得The cost of，arising from黯然失色。

主语的主语谓语和宾语，宾语是that引导的宾语从句。

That宾语从句中，主语谓语和表语。

Associated with… and with…2套介词+名词短语，做the costs的定语。

第二套associated with中的 A and B。

知识点：while，whereas，where的区别用法

白勇说，Where只能在句首，where… + 主句。While和whereas可以句首，可以在主句后面引导从句。（待补充。。。）

7. Since 1986 the enrollments of African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanic Americans in full-time engineering programs in the United  States have steadily increased, while the number of other students entering the field has fallen.

主句：主语、谓语。

主语的定语。

状语。
       While引导的状语从句中的主语和谓语。
      The number的定语。

entering the field 又是other students的定语。

8. Traffic congestion, longer commuting trips and the growing demand for housing have all but eliminated the cost advantage of owning a house in rural communities.

主句：主语、谓语、宾语。

知识点：all but 几乎；very nearly, almost.

例句1：Without you the job would have been all but impossible.

例句2：We had all but given up hope.

9. Some analysts contend that true capitalism exists only when the ownership of both property and the means of products is regarded as an individual’s inalienable right, not as a license granted by government and revokable at whim.

主句的主谓宾，宾语是that宾语从句。
       That宾语从句中的主语和谓语。
       Only when引导的状语从句，中的主语、谓语和表语。

A license的定语。

注：白勇原书纠错。应该是Revokable。

知识点：be regarded as 名词、形容词、ing形式。

名词：They are regarded as great teachers by many GMAT takers and MBA applicants.

形容词：When you are dealing with words that 99% of even the most highly educated people do not know the dictionary definition of, the meaning most think is correct should be regarded as correct.

ing形式：As far as the press goes, the general principle should be that if the leaked information exposes misdeeds, corruption or similar problems, then the people involved should be regarded as doing service to the country. If, however, information that should be legitimately kept secret is leaked, then those involved should be regarded as acting in a harmful manner.

知识点：不是A，而是B。是A，而不是B。（待续。。。）

Not A, but B

Not A, but rather B

(as) A, not (as) B

A, rather than B

10. Although it has not been proved that the consumption of any particular food will reverse hardening of the arteries, studies indicate that refraining from eating certain foods can help reserve blockage of coronary arteries, the blood vessels that feed that heart.

主句：主语谓语和宾语，宾语是that宾语从句。       Although引导状语从句，和主句是转折关系。   从句中的形式主语是it引导的强调句，真正主语是that the consumption of any particular food will reverse hardening of the arteries，谓语是has not been proved。

在主句的宾语（从句）中，refraining from eating certain foods是主语，can help reserve谓语，blockage宾语。

Blockage的定语。
      coronary arteries的同位语。同位语中又有一个that引导的定语从句。

11. Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.

主干是Paleontologists believe that 引导的宾语从句。这个宾语从句中，the fragments是主语，provide是谓语，evidence是宾语。unearthed in Burma and estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old是定语修饰fragments。

这里split了provide的单数和复数，之后，就要判断estimate的用法了。

-- be estimated to be/at

在At 后面，大部分都是跟数量加上单位（而且仅此而已）（例如，years/kilograms/dollars）。前面被estimate的只能是能够用数量表示的性质，比如说，age/weight/price/cost/loss等，而不能用拥有这些性质的人事物。

一个大牛曾经举例,His age is estimated to be/at 35。
这里to be 和at都可以。

但是如果被estimate的是He，那么只能He is estimated to be 35 years + old。不能用He is estimated as 35 years.

12. Some scientists have been critical of the laboratory tests conducted by the Federal Drug Administration on the grounds that the amounts of suspected carcinogens fed to animals far exceed those that humans could consume.

主句的主语谓语和表语是Some scientists have been critical

of the laboratory tests是状语

定语conducted by the Federal Drug Administration修饰the laboratory tests

On the grounds + that从句组成状语，修饰have been critical of

在that从句中，主干是the amounts exceed those

--On the grounds 由于…的原因；在…的基础上，后面加名词或者that从句。

例句1：He was dismissed on the grounds of negligence. 他因渎职而遭解雇。

例句2：I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对该项计划, 理由是花费太大.

13. Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whose repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style influenced generations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.

主语Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe，谓语inspired，宾语many musicians, including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia

Whose引导的定语从句，修饰主语

最后whose引导的定语从句，修饰many musicians

14. The delinquency rates （on mortgages for office buildings, hotels, shopping malls and other commercial properties）
（held by the nation’s insurance companies） have increased 【sharply in recent months】, leading to predictions 【that foreclosures on these types of loans could double over the next three years】.

The delinquency rates是主语，have increased是谓语，leading to是ing的伴随状态，predictions是lead to的宾语，sharply in recent months是have increased的状语

on mortgages for office buildings, hotels, shopping malls and other commercial properties是rates的定语

held by the nation’s insurance companies是office buildings, hotels, shopping malls and other commercial properties的定语

that引导的同位语从句同predications

15. According to scientists at the University of California, the pattern of changes that have occurred in human DNA over the millennia indicates that everyone alive today may be a descendant of a single female ancestor who lived in Africa sometime between 140,0000 and 280,000 years ago.

主语是the pattern，谓语indicates，宾语that宾语从句。

According to状语从句；
That定语从句修饰changes。

--这里要注意的是，一个A of B +that定语从句，修饰B的例子。修饰A还是B，由后面的动词可以获得线索。

--Descend的用法

----Descend 从何来

to pass from a higher place or level to a lower one <descended from the platform>

e.g. To descend from the ivory tower

to originate or come from an ancestral stock or source : derive <descends from an old merchant family>

e.g. Both words descend fromthe same Latin root.

----Descend 往哪去

: to incline, lead, or extend downward <the road descends to the river>

e.g. The stairs descended into the tunnel.

----A descendant of…

例句1：Many people in this area are descendants of German immigrants.

例句2： The Italian language is one of Latin's descendants.

16. Out of America’s fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

主语a market，谓语has grown，状语Out of America’s fascination with all things antique

定语for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures

That 定语从句修饰主语a market，定语从句中，谓语is bringing back，宾语the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub

17. The period when great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by the Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.

But连接2套主谓结构。

1.    The period （when引导定语从句修饰the period）has been established，

2.    主语what is much more difficult to determine（what引导主语从句）, 谓语is，表语the reason, the use and the meaning.

18. Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial, as when the three major networks each broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.

主干：television can be superficial

--注意这里出现each的用法。Each of + 名词+ 动词单数；名词 + each + 动词复数

19. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a steambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as “standing waves”.

分号分隔两组主谓结构。

1.    The peaks produce ripples

2.    The resulting flow pattern is known as “standing waves”; that定语从句修饰crests and troughs； them也是指代crests and troughs

20. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

主语Declining values，谓语are going to force，宾语many lenders。

the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season这个同位语，修饰farm equipment and land

最后一题也是本组题目的亮点所在。