11. The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed

(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed（E）

(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

In choice A, was is incorrect; the verb must be were to agree with times. Also, which becomes the subject of a compound verb that lacks parallelism: was determined…and differing. In choice B, was is again incorrect, and the use of two which clauses is awkward. In choice C, which were determined…and differing is another faulty compound verb. Choice D presents a false compound: determined is an adjective modifying local times and differed is the simple past tense of to differ. Because they serve different grammatical functions, these words cannot be treated as parallel elements joined by and. Choice E is best: without which, determined and differing function not as verb elements but as parallel modifiers of local times. This question is very difficult.

[求助：１，关于ＯＧ对Ｄ的解释１）为何在这determined不能是分词？by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian 难道不是他的方式状语吗？

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　２）假设determined和differing是分词，在语法上，那么他们修饰谁，是ＬＯＣＡＬ　ＴＩＭＥＳ（作定语）还是主句动词的伴随状语？

２，从ＯＧ对Ｅ的解释，是否说明determined and differing 都是ＡＤＪＥＣＴＩＶＥ？越看越晕

２）假设determined和differing是分词，在语法上，那么他们修饰谁，是ＬＯＣＡＬ　ＴＩＭＥＳ（作定语）还是主句动词的伴随状语？

－修饰local times:determined and differing function not as verb elements but as parallel modifiers of local times.

？A，分词短语后置时，它前面的逗号对它修饰哪一个对象有没影响？

B， 分词短语后置时，什么时候是主句的伴随状语？

谢谢！