22. 出现日期：11.27 by littlexian, 11.29
22. 出现频率4
题库B8The following appeared in a presentation by the chief production manager of a machine parts manufacturing company at a management meeting:
“Our factory in Cookville is our most advanced and efficient. It is capable of producing ten drill bits for each dollar of production costs, whereas none of our other factories can produce more than seven drill bits per dollar of production costs. Therefore, we can reduce our overall drill bit production costs by devoting the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production. Since reducing the production costs of individual machine parts is the only way to achieve our larger goal of reducing our overall production costs, dedicating the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production and shifting all other machine part production to our other factories will help us to attain that larger goal.”
这个argument 的思路绕来绕去就是有three mojor flaws: reduce costs by devoting entirely drill bit production to C; the only way to reduce costs is to reduce production costs; shifting the production of the other parts to other factories is the appropriate way to go
针对这三个 direct or indirect conlusions 写就行了
1: although C produce more bits per dollar, the reason may be that C has high- skilled workers, total new and high- quality machines, or less amounts of orders(订单) thus entirely shifting is fallacious, the results may be that the workers may be too tired and have too much burden, the machines would be worn out, and all this could contribute to the lowering of the productivity
2: the management assumes without further more evidence that reucing the productions costs is the only way to enhance cost -effective production process: 可以train workers , 引进new technologies, 定期维修老旧设备，提高management strategy...
3: 就是转移制造这一部分：也许转移制造之后 cargo and transporting fees would roar因为sporadically 分布的 工厂可以及时供货，集中在一个地方不利于 供货， 而且shifting 牵扯到 搬家的费用：那些cumbersome machine怎么转移啊,人员怎么迁移啊。。。这些都是huge expense, may not weighover the elevation of the productivity
The following appeared in a letter from a part-owner of a small retail clothing chain to her business partner:
“Commercial real estate prices have been rising steadily in the Sandida Heights neighborhood for several years, while the prices in the adjacent neighborhood of Palm Grove have remained the same. It seems obvious, then, that a retail space in Sandida Heights must now be much more expensive than a similar space in Palm Grove, which was not the case several years ago. So, it appears that retail spaces in Sandida Heights are now overpriced relative to those in Palm Grove. Therefore, it would be in our financial interest to purchase a retail space in Palm Grove rather than in Sandida Heights.”
1。房地产价格上涨并不意味着店面价格的上涨，因为店面价格还与地理位置等其他因素有关（比如市中心房价高）
2。店面价格上涨并不意味着盈利减少。
3。过去的情况并不一定适用于现在和将来作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:16
24. 出现日期：11.28 nicol108
24. 出现频率2
AA:讲的是一个W小镇，所以旅游业很好，后来national park不受欢迎了，小镇就不是那么吸引人了，但是好消息是，在national park里面发生了 mineral，所以小镇政府打算找来一些mineral company 开发，这样的话就能带来工作 不至于失业
V2
大意是说的是某个地方 - the basic economic driver of that place is tourism of a national park。。。due to the industrial pollution the toursim is declien... while the place found the mining deposit at the national park.. the economic advisor suggest it is the best way for the place to put mining business in the national park.. 有点像一道逻辑的题, 说有个地方污染后旅游的收费少了， 然后 advisor 给了一堆理由说应该放弃tourism 发展mining作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:16
26. 出现日期：11.29Marilyn_love
38. The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
“Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.”
1， 入住率低可能是因为学生人数减少等原因造成的
2， 同时减少供给和降低房费可能会抵消入住率提高而带来的收入提高效应而有余
3， 就算不会完全抵消仍然有其他原因影响收入例如说学生进入后的维修等等。
boosting rental maintenance oppressive seriousness trivailize
1， 忽略他因：单纯地说问题所在是rent. 但实际上可能有很多其他的因素：房子的condition, security, cleaning service，noisy surroundings等等。
2， 过去不能推广到未来：很可能变化了——比如enrollments of students have sharply increased。所以，很可能减少available的数量可能不是合适的做法。
3， 减少提供的房子，降低房租，很可能导致收入下降。作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:17
27. 出现日期：11.29
27. 出现频率2
110. The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot — the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.” rainey1979
1， The causal relationship between the benefit package given to the professional staff and the decline of the profit is not guaranteed by the coincidence that the latter occured just after the latter. Other factors that may contribute to the decline in the profit should also be considered and ruled out.
2， Research and development is a time-consuming process. Two years is not a long enough period to see the result and positive effects.
3， Even if the package is really too high and caused the declne of profit, it is still imprudent to say that the reduced benefits package that was in place two years ago will definitely work.
52. The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” xiaoyuyi
1， To begin with, the author fails to establish the causal relationship between the shopping mall's opening and the closing of local businesses.
2， Moreover, the author's conclusion is also based on the assumption that the shopping mall has caused the increase in crime and vagrancy.
3， Finally, even if the shopping mall did cause the closing of local business and the increasing crime and vagrancy in Oak City, the author's prediction that Elm City will suffer from the same fate as Oak City is still open to doubt.
(此文根据老题写作)In this editorial the author rebukes Oak City for allowing the construction of a new downtown shopping mall. Citing a number of problems that have occurred since the building of the mail, the author concludes that the residents of Oak City have not benefited from the mail and that Oak City exercised poor judgment in allowing the mail to be built. Among the problems cited by the author are the closure of local businesses, lack of parking in the downtown area, and increased trash and litter in a city park near the mall. Moreover, the author argues that profits derived from sales are not benefiting Oak City because the owner of the mall lives in another city. The author’s argument is problematic in several respects.
In the first place, the author assumes that addition of the new mall is the cause of the various problems cited. The only evidence offered to support this claim is that the construction of the mall occurred before these problems manifested themselves. However, this evidence is insufficient to establish the claim in question. A chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events.
In the second place, the author has focused only on negative effects the mall has had on the city. A more detailed analysis of the situation might reveal that the positive benefits for the city far outweigh the problems on which the author focuses. For example, new jobs might have been created for the residents of Oak City, and tax revenues might have been increased for the city. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mail on Oak City, it is presumptuous on the part of the author to conclude that Oak City’s decision to allow the mall to be built was incorrect.
In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to demonstrate that the construction of the mall caused the various problems mentioned. The author would also have to show that the negative effects of the project outweighed the positive effects.作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:17
29. 出现日期：11.30mzw0210
29. 出现频率3
10. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:18
30. 出现日期：11.30angiey
110. The following appeared as part of a memorandum from the loan department of the Frostbite National Bank.
“We should not approve the business loan application of the local group that wants to open a franchise outlet for the Kool Kone chain of ice cream parlors. Frostbite is known for its cold winters, and cold weather can mean slow ice cream sales. For example, even though Frostbite is a town of 10,000 people, it has only one ice cream spot — the Frigid Cow. Despite the lack of competition, the Frigid Cow’s net revenues fell by 10 percent last winter.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:18
31. 出现日期：11.30glinia
132. The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine.
“The country of Oleum can best solve the problem of its balance of trade deficit by further increasing the tax on its major import, crude oil. After Oleum increased the tax on imported crude oil four months ago, consumption of gasoline declined by 20 percent. Therefore, by imposing a second and significantly higher tax increase next year, Oleum will dramatically decrease its balance of trade deficit.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:18
32. 出现日期：11.30magicinair
124. The following appeared in a memorandum fromthe owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff.“SinceDisc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertisingcampaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by thelarge increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s ownershave apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothinghave remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our salesand profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequentradio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:19
33. 出现日期：11.30majiaobfsu
33. 出现频率2
A33. The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Sinecor, a computer-software company.
“The amount of money Sinecor spent last year on paid vacations and medical benefits increased by 30 percent. To offset these expenses, we should increase to 30 percent the portion of our employees who are temporary or contract workers. Since we will not have to give these workers vacation time or medical benefits, we will save money by employing them. In addition, our regular employees will be motivated to work harder to preserve their jobs as well as their vacation and health benefits. These changes will improve Sinecor’s overall profitability and ability to compete with other companies.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:19
34. 出现日期：11.30dxyl
34. 出现频率2
6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.
“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:19
35. 出现日期：11.30mzw0210
楼主二战考到这一题，呵呵
B3. The following appeared in a memorandum from the information technology department of a major advertising firm:
“The more efficient a firm’s employees are, the more profitable that firm will be. Improvements in a firm’s information technology hardware and software are a proven way to increase the efficiency of employees who do the majority of their work on computers. Therefore, if our firm invests in the most powerful and advanced information technology available, employee productivity will be maximized. This strategy ensures that every dollar spent on enhanced information technology will help to increase our firm’s profit margins.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:20
36. 出现日期：12.1
A3. The following appeared in a memorandum from the development director of the Largo Piano Company.
“The Largo Piano Company has long been known for producing carefully handcrafted, expensive pianos used by leading concert pianists. During the past few years, however, our revenues have declined; meanwhile, the Allegro Musical Instrument Company introduced a line of inexpensive digital pianos and then saw its revenues increase. In order to increase Largo’s sales and in fact outsell Allegro, we should introduce a line of digital pianos in a variety of price ranges. Our digital pianos would be likely to find instant acceptance with customers, since they would be associated with the prestigious Largo name.”作者: LBG 时间: 2010-12-2 20:20
37. 出现日期：12.1
39. The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”
1去年是这样今年呢以后呢？
2很有可能是乘客对服务不满意却没时间正式申诉
3和别的航空公司比较如何seriousness trivailize
43. The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.
“There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals.”
1， 从一个医院的情况就推广到整个太草率
2， 治愈率低可能是因为接受的患者得的病都比较罕见等原因造成的
3， 工资低，总体利润低，时间分配给教学都不能一定说明质量差。可能其他福利好，接受的病人少，教学研究有助于进步
