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标题: 大全5-2 [打印本页]

作者: songxuebest    时间: 2010-10-30 06:40     标题: 大全5-2

2.     The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?

(A) The overall causes of poverty

(B) Deficiencies in the training of the work force

(C) Trade relationships among producers of goods

(D) Shortages of jobs providing adequate income(D)



(E) Strikes and inadequate supplies of labor

請問一下答案為什麼選b阿  3q
作者: songxuebest    时间: 2010-10-30 06:40

How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner,
                    the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed,
and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.


作者: sayysong    时间: 2010-10-31 06:45

第一段说的labor market problem包括两个部分:
1.unemployment
2.hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level(Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship.一句中的also提示现在开始讲下一个部分)
结合以上两点,可以选出D选项.
说实话,这一题真的很难(尤其是段内结构的识别),以小弟我的水平考试的时候估计只能猜了.
作者: elaineyll    时间: 2010-10-31 21:12

同问这题,为什么选D呢?我也没看懂文章哪里体现的?求高手指点




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