代名指代讨论已多，仅谈谈我的做法，对我还是适用的 1。that,which指物，见到它们就去前面找物，如果没有物只有人，则错。Who,whom指人，见到上前找人，没人则错；很多代词又可指物又可指人，但无论如何它指名词，上前去找名词，找不到则错。 ２。找到名词，但多于一个，则看能否通过单复数区分； ＯＧ１６３ the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubberg limbs.(its 指代sloth) the sloth hangs from a tree by its long rubberg limbs.(指代歧义） ２。多于一个且不能通过单复数区分，看能否通过逻辑区分 OG 130 two counties owed three tribes for their seizare of their ancesteal. their seizare 中的their 只能指two counties,因为只有Ｃounties 才能发出seizare动作 their ancesteal 中的their 只能指three tribes,因为只有tribes 才有祖先。 此时两个their都能清楚指代，错并没有错在指代歧义上，错在同一句子中同一代词指代对象要一至，也就是说两个their必须指同一个东西。在这里明确指了不同东西。
如果以上三点都不能明确一个代词的指代对象，则为错误指代
楼主的总结不错, 但少了很重要的一条: 就是当代词前面有指代对象, 通过单复数来区分指代对象这一招用不上, 但通过逻辑我们能区分代词究竟指代的是哪一个, 但ETS却认为指代模糊.
OG248. By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options, such as caller identification and voice mail, the new telecommunications company has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices.(A) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them(B) has not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also forced them(C) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies(D) not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced（C）(E) not only captured customers from other phone companies, but it also has forced them这道题里them前面有太多的名词可以作为指代对象, 而且用红色标出的全是复数. 整个句子也只有一个代词, 所以不存在一个代词指代不同的东西. 可是通过逻辑我们完全可以判断them指代其他公司, 因为是公司与公司之间在竞争. 但ETS却认为them指代模糊(可以指代customers), 所以一定要用these companies.
下面一个例子更明显:
OG31. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.(A) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.(B) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.(C) Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.(D) Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.（D）(E) Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.C中的they再明显不过是指代people(人), 因为skills 无法recognize....可是ETS对they的解释却是"unclear"!
呵呵，总结的有意思
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