107. 牛吃草[因果型--AB否：问解释]
就是一种是CLOVER,吃了可以多产奶，另一种草可以吃了保健康，结果实验发现，给他们这些牛A组吃定量配额的混合两种草，B组自己选，随便吃什么，结果发现两种产奶都差不多，问结论
削弱原有因果：草--不会导致多产奶[A--B不成立]。
吃 保奶 的草量 一样[NO chage]； 他因素 阻止了 反向差异。
primise:AB否；conclusion--Explanation：A is not the cause of B
削弱：CB否； 类比因果点不一致[GAP]; 正确类比：AB。
19.欧洲人与鸡[B, 是A1不是解释，A2是解释]
V1一般认为是欧洲人把鸡这种神奇的生物带到了美洲大陆。但是新出土的500年前的欧洲人日记有记载说，智利人在当时就已经在祭祀典礼上运用鸡了，而且进一步的DNA检测发现当地的鸡貌似起源于P地。所以就总结出鸡肯定不是由欧洲人最早带过去的。问支持——by blessalex(700,v34)
加强：颠倒A1与B的时间关系；指出他因素使 A1无法导致B;
建立结果B与A2的关系。P人有canoe，可以达到as far as south america
87.版税--加强。
V1有一题是讲出版社的，他们原来是给作者版税royalty的，是根据销量的百分比吧，现在他们有两个方案，一个还是按照原来这种方式给版税，另外一种是他们付的钱是要comparable to other books的，所以作家们就担心了，这样做出版商会reduce risk，他们赚钱就少了。
指出 差异导致 差异。
选项有publishing们have variety of authors；
authors XXX in widely quality[即差异成立]
V2有一题说作家往往是按书的销量提成 但有一家出版社为了吸引作家 设计两种提成方式 第一种就是原来那个 第二种是一次性给两年的钱 再就不给了 问support 第二重
[不存在其他差异--即其他方面相同//或存在正向差异] 选了一般书两年后就不再印刷了——by jaffa23作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:34
67. 不用电梯保持健康
升降机，说要为员工和客户keep fit，激励他们走楼梯，升降机就只停5和8层了，但是货梯为了方便残疾人还是层层停的，这样的措施有效，问assumption
1. 不会造成客户以后都打电话沟通，不来了
2. 货梯禁止普通人使用的规定不会被打破[似乎是假设--取非，原有措施还可能有效，只要most人还 遵守 规矩]
3. 大部分的员工都不在5，8楼工作[取非--无change]
V4 from dshimuro
我也選了大部分的员工都不在5，8楼工作, 但是我看到的選項更加的讓我確認這是答案: 應該是D, The fifth and eighth floor are not majority of workers and VISITORs go, but 另外一個電梯, for the use of disabled and XXX, stops every floor.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:34
3. 征税提供公共交通发展资金
说一个国家决定向所有的人征收税来为公共交通的发展提供资金，然后有人说这样会对不使用公共交通的人不公平，这个国家的领导辩解说使用私人交通的人也同样可以获利比如说更好的空气环境，交通的畅通等。
问作者的假设: A成立：公共交通空气环境
not weak: 使用公共交通的人不会负面影响到使用private transportation的人利益
no Other nagative change.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:35
15. GWD或Prep原题
V1 Editorial :Magazine Gardener spur prices to XX ,然后野花什么的,最后以下哪个可以strengthen policy可以achieve the goal.貌似在GWD还是PREP里看到过,望好人心考古,记得GWD上是weaken,可是今天出来是strengthen,大家要小心啊——by Ivanka囡
V2记得有GWD原题，但选项完全换了，是那个gardening 杂志的那个，什么wild plant的那个，但问的不一样，问支持 ——by hyl_0212(700,v36)
V3建议一个园艺杂志（Gardening Magazine）不要再写关于native plants的文章了，因为会引导读者，尤其是新园艺者去养殖这些植物，而使得供应者大量囤积这些植物销售。问加强。
——by anita317（760，V42）
V4 Editor: Articles in Gardening Magazine often spur sales of the plants they describe, particularly among people new to gardening. Accordingly, we will no longer publish articles or accept advertisements praising the beauty of rare wildflowers. Most such plants sold to gardeners have been difficult to propagate under cultivation, so plant sellers often collect them in the wild. Our new policy is part of our efforts to half this yearly plundering of our native plant populations.
Which of the following, if true, support the magazine's new policy as a way of pursuing the intended effect ?
(A) When people new to gardening buy plants, they often fail to take adequate care of the plants that they buy and become discourged from buying those varieties again.
(B) Plant sellers who sell rare wildflowers have no reasonably inexpensive alternate way to offer their wares directly to new gardens.
(C) The demand for rare wildflowers rarely exceeds the number of such plants that can be collected in the wild by plant sellers.
(D) The propagation of rare wildflowers often depends on the plant's interaction with other organisms in their environment such as plants that create suitable soil conditions or insects and birds that disperse seeds.
(E) Revenues from sales of plants collected in the wild are supporting the discovery of new low-cost techniques enabling rare wildflowers to be readily propagated innurseries.
我选C，请n们指正——by jassonw（700,v34）
V5记住了一个好像在GWD有的，但又有点不完全像，不太清楚，就是讲一个报纸近年来好像是什么数（销量吧？）一直在下降，但这个数是不记那些广告商免费发给它们客户的数量。最近XX估计这个数可能会上涨，
问根据之类的。。。我选了这次计这个数的时候把免费派的也算进去了，监于我不到三十的V，大家谨慎参考。。。——by irenezlc
V6杂志文章与稀有花草那题，选项与GWD原题不同，有两项是：1）卖花的人开始研究如何培养这些珍稀花草；2）卖花人没有别的inexpensive的方式向new gardeners 推销这些珍稀花草（好像是这个意思），我选了2），大家注意看下选项。——by 杨柳岸边（700+,V37）
V7GWD原文的题，稀有花草那个，选项有变化，问support：那些商家除了杂志，没有其他途径stimulate customers（GWD原题的选项是offer xxx） 很肯定——by youngerlee（760）
就是什么杂志本来有些稀有物种的广告提供给初学者，结果为了保护这些植物，取消了这个广告。问下列哪些是可以让杂志社成功的。我的答案选的是：没有其他同等好的途径去market这些稀有植物。——by 桑子夏（750,V40）作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:35
【考古】 ——感谢nowwsy
路边的野花不要采V1（from 稻草飘）730还有道MAGZINE的原题，说杂志上介绍珍稀的花花草草，那些园艺新手就去买，因为这些花花草草很难人工培育，商人就去野外拔！所以杂志决定不再介绍了。以保护这些花花草草。
但是题目改成加强题了
我选的是，现在这些珍稀花花草草每年的需求超过大自然可以提供的正常的供应量。。。
V2（from seabis）V41一个杂志发现说那些刊登了花卉广告的能吸引人去购买那些花卉增加花商收入，因此我们杂志应该取消刊登某种稀有野花，原因是该种野花很难在室内培养，花商为了满足人们需求会跑到野外去采，所以如果我们刊登广告，这些野花的数量会受很大影响。evaluate?
选项记不得了。
Prep 变体from comely123
Editor: Articles in Gardening Magazine often spur sales of the plants they describe, particularly among people new to gardening. Accordingly, we will no longer publish articles or accept advertisements praising the beauty of rare wildflowers. Most such plants sold to gardeners have been difficult to propagate under cultivation, so plant sellers often collect them in the wild. Our new policy is part of our efforts to half this yearly plundering of our native plant populations.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the wisdom of the magazine's new policy as a way of pursuing the intended effect ?
(A) When people new to gardening buy plants, they often fail to take adequate care of the plants that they buy and become discourged from buying those varieties again.
(B) Plant sellers who sell rare wildflowers have no reasonably inexpensive alternate way to offer their wares directly to new gardens.
(C) The demand for rare wildflowers rarely exceeds the number of such plants that can be collected in the wild by plant sellers.
(D) The propagation of rare wildflowers often depends on the plant's interaction with other organisms in their environment such as plants that create suitable soil conditions or insects and birds that disperse seeds.
(E) Revenues from sales of plants collected in the wild are supporting the discovery of new low-cost techniques enabling rare wildflowers to be readily propagated in nurseries.
【再考古】 ——感谢nowwsy
V1一杂志，好像是写园艺的杂志，很受读者推崇，他们所介绍的某些花，读者都会去买来种，尤其是对于刚开始尝试gardening的人。但是由于他们介绍的那些花，人工很难培养，所以卖花的人就会去野外采。这样就影响了wild flowers的生长。所以这个杂志决定不再介绍之类的花，这样保护环境。下面哪个选项证明这个杂志的prediction是正确的
现在想想我选错了
我选的是，卖花的人开始研究如何人工培养这样的花
V2还记得一个逻辑， 说一些新学园艺的人喜欢买一种植物，但是这种植物不能人工培养只能去采野生的。为了保护这种野生的物种，一个园艺杂志说不在宣传新学园艺的人养这种植物。 问，下面那个会使这个计划成功
49. Salmon
V1还有一个讲水坝导致salmon数量减少，说政府要增加salmon的数量，打算remove larger dam，问support，我选larger dam更容易影响salmon生存，——by greenGMATerS（750）
V2 river's dam has influenced the number of samon fish.妨碍他们上游繁殖。 移除了dam的一部分后samon数量上升。所以政府准备移除a larger dam in a river to increase the number of samon问加强 说larger dam 所在的河samon数最多[建立 larger和smaller的区别]作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:36
66. 广告商调查
12. (25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894) 感谢lilis223
Finding of a survey of Systems magazine subscribers: Thirty percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age thirty-five.
Finding of a survey of advertisers in Systems magazine: Most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age thirty-five.
For both of the findings to be accurate, which of the following must be true?
(A) More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine are age thirty-five or over than are under age thirty-five.
(B) Among subscribers to Systems, the proportion who are under age thirty-five was considerably lower last year than it is now.
(C) Most merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by Systems subscribers over age thirty-five.
(D) Last year, the average dollar amount of merchandise orders placed was less for subscribers under age thirty-five than for those age thirty-five or over.
(E) Last year many people who placed orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems were not subscribers to the magazine.
选E作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:40
72．飞机电话[change--change]--措施评价。
[正向change成立；无反向change/反向change可以忽略]
V2飞机上装telephone，很少有人用，但airline company因为能从中提成还是把它留着。问support，我选了装了telephone不会明显造成飞机weight增加从而导致fuel consumption增加[提成利润成立]。
V3还有道航空公司用电话的，题干是飞机上的公用电话收费很贵，但用的人很少，特别是现在有了手机。但是航空公司可以从收费中获得收入，而且不用付钱给维护电话的公司。所以航空公司可以从电话上获利。问这个结论depend on which assumption：
1.安装电话的公司可以从中获利。[无关]
2.虽然人们不爱打电话，但是人们希望飞机上有电话[无关]
3.只有不用手机的人才用电话[无需]
4.电话没有重到需要改变飞机的建设材料才能承受的地步[没有其他 反利润作用// 获利change成立]。
我选了4，因为获得收入和获利是两码事，还要考虑成本，虽然这个选项乍一看很不靠谱
答案是电话带来的重量产生的多耗的油不至于大过电话带来的收入。[必须]问assumption：
我选： 空中电话设备的重量对于飞机重量的影响可以忽略
V4一道是那个飞机上的电话，确定选would not make a difference in the matterial of fuel
飞机电话的重量不会影响到使用燃料的效率作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:40
82.报纸
一个报纸为了增加可读性，把字体和margin都改大了。然后读者就不乐意了，说要么报纸增加页数要么减少广告。最后问support读者的观点。[指出内容量应该保持不变]
答案有1，报纸改版前没征求读者意见，
3. GWD28-Q16:
Paper&Print is a chain of British stores selling magazines, books, and stationery products. In Britain, magazines’ retail prices are set by publishers, and the retailer’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 25 percent. Since Paper&Print’s margin on books and stationery products is much higher, the chain’s management plans to devote more of its stores’ shelf space to books and stationery products and reduce the number of magazine titles that its stores carry.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that the plan, if put into effect, will not increase Paper&Print’s profits?
A. Recently magazine publishers, seeking to increase share in competitive sectors of the market, have been competitively cutting the retail prices of some of the largest circulation magazines.
B. In market research surveys, few consumers identify Paper&Print as a book or stationery store but many recognize and value the broad range of magazines it carries.
C. The publisher’s share of a magazine’s retail price is 50 percent, and the publisher also retains all of the magazine’s advertising revenue.
D. Consumers who subscribe to a magazine generally pay less per issue than they would if they bought the magazine through a retail outlet such as Paper&Print.
E. Some of Paper& Print’s locations are in small towns and represent the only retail outlet for books within the community.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:41
89. eugenics[优生学] 和genetics[遗传学] 的对比
90. 医院花钱买设备(GWD或OG原题)
讲的那题，然后推论说clinic 也应该买，大家去看看吧。——by manunitedxu（V31）
Because visual inspection cannot reliably distinguish certain skin discolorations from skin cancers, dermatologists at clinics have needed to perform tests of skin tissue taken from patients. At Westville Hospital, dermatological diagnostic costs were reduced by the purchase of a new imaging machine that diagnoses skin cancer in such cases as reliably as the tissue tests do. Consequently, even though the machine is expensive, a dermatological clinic in Westville is considering buying one to reduce diagnostic costs.
Which of the following would it be most useful for the clinic to establish in order to make its decision?
A. Whether the visits of patients who require diagnosis of skin discolorations tend to be shorter in duration at the clinic than at the hospital
B. Whether the principles on which the machine operates have been known to science for a long time
C. Whether the machine at the clinic would get significantly less heavy use than the machine at the hospital does
D. Whether in certain cases of skin discoloration, visual inspection is sufficient to make a diagnosis of skin cancer
E. Whether hospitals in other parts of the country have purchased such imaging machines
选C~作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:41
【考古】 ——感谢nowwsy；V1 from suishuisui
科学家调查下雨天和晴天的交通事故概率，主要是通过降雨量计算。如果是按月计算的话，发现晴天的交通事故还高些。但是如果换算成天来算的，发现结果和他们期待的一样，又是雨天稍微多些。问哪个选项可以解释？
因为连续下雨的路况[月高]，好过下雨和晴天互换的路况[月底]--正确答案。选刚下过雨的晴天路面反而不好走作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:41
93. 市长连任[flaw题]
一份写给某报社编辑的信：你们报社提倡支持X市长的连任，是因为你们报社的社长在XX地方买了不动产，而X市长会发展那里的经济使你们报社获利。所以我们不相信你们支持X市长的言论。差不多就是这个意思，问这份信在逻辑上有什么问题。
possible reason/motivationonly reason/motivation; reason ≠fact
我觉得应该选一个“用未经证明的猜想作为证据= possible reason
94. 商品定价[因果型]
商品制造厂商对于商品定价非常谨慎，因为产品价格微小的变动都会影响消费者的购买行为，从而影响厂商的利润。但是，民众对于有关public service的项目预算的价格变化就不会产生很大的反应。 好像问的是原文内容成立的话可以得到什么结论[差异原因差异结果]
A 消费者对于商品价格是well informed[可能是一个差异]
B 人们对于public service的demand is more closely related to the nation’s economic situation than 人们对一般商品的demand[反向解释/结论]作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:42
96.音乐家进修[措施达目的]
某国为了提升音乐家整体的profile，准备拨款赞助两种音乐人出国进修，前提是他们毕业后得回国效力五年，问这个计划要达到目的前提条件需要怎样.
前提：措施可行； 措施--目的--有关； 措施无害。
这些音乐家是否认为国家给的这点钱真的能够cover掉在国外的study and living cost--措施是否可行。
106.bottle water与tap water
消费者买bottle water 是浪费钱，因为tap water便宜、味道也让蒙着眼睛的实验者尝不出区别，而且bottle water 也不比tap water更健康。问结论。我选了：不更健康、味道一样，更贵就是浪费。——by mymwmw（620,V25）作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:43
121.广告收视[措施达目的]
因为广告太多了， 现在的观众都不看广告了。广告商就想办法把广告强行插在热门电视PROGRAM里或者BOTTOM 下（我想应该是那种滚动的），好像盈利了还是怎么地了。问Support.
[1. 措施可行； 2. 措施--目的 有关系 或 确实 是广告多不看； 3. 措施无害 目标]
most advertisement incorporate directly in program that has the most viewers. ——by qqquan13（700,V34）作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:45
2. GWD25-Q2. [措施达目的--前后变化]
In two months, the legal minimum wage in the country of Kirlandia will increase from five Kirlandic dollars(KD5.00) Per hour to KD5.50 per hour. Opponents of this increase have argued that the resulting rise in wages will drive the inflation rate up. In fact its impact on wages will probably be negligible, since only a very small proportion of all Kirfandic workers are currently receiving less than KD5.50 per hour.[变化原因变化结果]
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Most people in Kirlandia who are currently earning the minimum wage have been employed at their current jobs for less than a year.
B. Some firms in Kirlandia have paid workers considerably less than KD5.00 per hour, in violation of Kirlandic employment regulations.[兼容]
C. Many businesses hire trainees at or near the minimum wage but must reward trained workers by keeping their pay levels above the pay level of trainees.[也会带来trained worker工资的变化--使结论不成立]
D. The greatest growth in Kirlandia’s economy in recent years has been in those sectors where workers earn wages that tend to be much higher than the minimum wage.
E. The current minimum wage is insufficient for a worker holding only one job to earn enough to support a family, even when working full time at that job.
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3. GWD25-Q3.[A]
Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best candidates to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements[反向change2].
Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation[反结论]. Since very few judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect[指出 反change2--可以忽略].
Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that it
A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.
B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change
C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effects
D. simply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in support of that denial
E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group necessarily benefit all members of that group.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:46
11.GWD-19-Q30[B]
Criminologist: Some legislators advocate mandating a sentence of life in prison for anyone who, having twice served sentences for serious crimes, is subsequently convicted of a third serious crime. These legislators argue that such a policy would reduce crime dramatically, since it would take people with a proven tendency to commit crimes off the streets permanently. What this reasoning overlooks, however, is that people old enough to have served two prison sentences for serious crimes rarely commit more than one subsequent crime[evidence/judgement]. Filling our prisons with such individuals would have exactly the opposite of the desired effect[conclusion], since it would limit our ability to incarcerate younger criminals, who commit a far greater proportion of serious crimes[evidence].
In the argument as a whole, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is a conclusion that the argument as a whole seeks to refute; the second is a claim that has been advanced in support of that conclusion.
B. The first is a conclusion that the argument as a whole seeks to refute; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
C. The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against that conclusion.
D. The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a prediction made on the basis of that conclusion.
E. The first is a generalization about the likely effect of a policy under consideration in the argument[正确]; the second points out a group of exceptional cases to which that generalization does not apply.[overlook/fail是彻底反驳]
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12. GWD25-Q12.[变化解释变化]
In Kantovia, physicians’ income comes from insurance companies, which require physicians to document their decisions in treating patients and to justify deviations from the companies’ treatment guidelines. Ten years ago physicians were allowed more discretion. Most physicians believe that the companies’ requirements now prevent them from spending enough time with patients. Yet the average amount of time a patient spends with a physician during an office visit has actually increased somewhat over the last ten years.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between physicians’ perceptions and the change in the actual time spent?
A. Patients are more likely to be in a hurry nowadays and are less willing to wait a long time to see their physician.
B. Physicians today typically have a wider range of options in diagnosis and treatment to consider with the patient before prescribing[比较级--指出前后差异].
C. Physicians are increasingly likely to work in group practices, sharing the responsibility of night and weekend work.[无关]
D. Most patients would rather trust their physicians than their insurance companies to make decisions about their treatment.[无关]
E. Since the insurance companies pay physicians a set amount for each office visit, it is to physicians’ financial advantage to see as many patients as possible.[反向解释]作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:46
19: GWD-23-Q1[解释矛盾--变化解释变化]
A major health insurance company in Lagolia pays for special procedures prescribed by physicians only if the procedure is first approved as “medically necessary” by a company-appointed review panel. The rule is intended to save the company the money it might otherwise spend on medically unnecessary procedures. The company has recently announced that in order to reduce its costs, it will abandon this rule.[review也有副作用；不利于目标]
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the company’s decision?
A. Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments.
B. Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health of the patient.[削弱]
C. The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.[无正向变化//一个方向变化]
D. The company’s review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more than one effective procedure is available, to select the one they personally prefer.
E. The number of members of the company-appointed review panel who review a given procedure depends on the cost of the procedure.[无关/削弱]
21. GWD25-Q21[C] B, 结论：A[A1/ A2]不是原因。必须指出其他C是原因[指出A1为原因--削弱]。
Which of the following most logically completes the editorial below?
Editorial in Golbindian Newspaper:
For almost three months, opposition parties have been mounting daily street demonstrations in the capital in an effort to pressure the ruling party into calling an election. Though the demonstrations were well attended at first, attendance has declined steadily in recent weeks. However, the decline in attendance does not indicate that popular support for the opposition’s demands is dropping, since [因果型; 必须是其他变化解释]
A. the opposition’s demands have not changed during the period when the street demonstrations have been mounted.[不变--不能解释]
B. No foreign governments have expressed any support for the opposition’s demands.[不变]
C. The state-controlled media have ceased any mention of the demonstrations, leaving many citizens outside the capital with no way of knowing that demonstrations continue.[可能解释]
D. There have not recently been any antigovernment demonstrations in cities other than the capital.[无关]
E. A recent sharp decrease in unemployment has led to increased popular support for the government.[反向关系--说明popular support for the opposition]作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:48
22. GWD25-Q22.
Springfield Fire Commissioner: the vast majority of false fire alarms are prank calls made anonymously from fire alarm boxes on street corners. Since virtually everyone has access to a private telephone, these alarm boxes have outlived their usefulness. Therefore, we propose to remove the boxes. Removing the boxes will reduce the number of prank calls without hampering people’s ability to report a fire.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim that the proposal, if carried out, will have the announced effect?
A. The fire department traces all alarm calls made from private telephones and records where they came from.
B. Maintaining the fire alarm boxes costs Springfield approximately five million dollars annually.
C. A telephone call can provide the fire department with more information about the nature and size of a fire than can an alarm placed from an alarm box.
D. Responding to false alarms significantly reduces the fire department’s capacity for responding to fires.
E. On any given day, a significant percentage of the public telephones in Springfield are out of service.
30. GWD25-Q30.[D]
Museums that house Renaissance oil paintings typically store them in environments that are carefully kept within narrow margins of temperature and humidity to inhibit any deterioration. Laboratory tests have shown that the kind of oil paint used in these paintings actually adjusts to climatic changes quite well. If, as some museum directors believe, paint is the most sensitive substance in these works, then by relaxing the standards for temperature and humidity control, museums can reduce energy costs without risking damage to these paintings. Museums would be rash to relax those standards, however, since results of preliminary tests indicate that gesso, a compound routinely used by Renaissance artists to help paint adhere to the canvas, is unable to withstand significant variations in humidity.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is an objection that has been raised against the position taken by the argument; the second is the position taken by the argument.
B. The first is the position taken by the argument; the second is the position that the argument calls into question.
C. The first is a judgment that has been offered in support of the position that the argument calls into question; the second is a circumstance on which that judgment is, in part based.
D. The first is a judgment that has been offered in support of the position that the argument calls into question; the second is that position.
E. The first is a claim that the argument calls into question; the second is the position taken by the argument.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:48
32. GWD-23-Q10[D]
When trying to identify new technologies that promise to transform the marketplace, market researchers survey the managers of those companies that are developing new technologies. Such managers have an enormous stake in succeeding, so they invariably overstate the potential of their new technologies. Surprisingly, however, market researchers typically do not survey a new technology’s potential buyers, even though it is the buyers-not the producers-who will ultimately determine a technology’s commercial success.
Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the typical survey practices among market researchers?
A. If a new technology succeeds, the commercial benefits accrue largely to the producers, not to the buyers, of that technology.
B. People who promote the virtues of a new technology typically fail to consider that the old technology that is currently in use continues to be improved, often substantially.
C. Investors are unlikely to invest substantial amounts of capital in a company whose own managers are skeptical about the commercial prospects of a new technology they are developing.
D. The potential buyers for not-yet-available technologies can seldom be reliably identified.
E. The developers of a new technology are generally no better positioned than its potential buyers to gauge how rapidly the new technology can be efficiently mass-produced.
36. GWD25-Q36[B]
The chemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosine then binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain, as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. During sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchers have hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the researchers’ hypothesis?
A. Even after long periods of sleep when adenosine is at its lowest concentration in the brain, the number of brain cells bound with adenosine remains very large.
B. Caffeine, which has the effect of making people remain wakeful, is known to interfere with the binding of adenosine to sites on brain cells.
C. Besides binding to sites in the brain, adenosine is known to be involved in biochemical reactions throughout the body.
D. Some areas of the brain that are relatively inactive nonetheless release some adenosine.
E. Stress resulting from a dangerous situation can preserve wakefulness even when brain levels of bound adenosine are high.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:48
14. GWD30-Q14:
Background information: This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival was submitted in one of ten categories. For each category, there was a panel that decided which submitted films to accept.
Fact 1: Within each category, the rate of acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films.
Fact 2: The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higher than that of foreign films.
In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, can account for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year’s Barbizon Film Festival?[240’]
A. In each category, the selection panel was composed of filmmakers, and some selection panels included no foreign filmmakers.
B. Significantly more domestic films than foreign films were submitted to the festival.
C. In each of the past three years, the overall acceptance rate was higher for foreign than for domestic films, an outcome that had upset some domestic filmmakers.
D. The number of films to be selected in each category was predetermined, but in no category was it required that the acceptance rate of foreign films should equal that of domestic films.
E. Most foreign films, unlike most domestic films, were submitted in categories with high prestige, but with correspondingly low rates of acceptance.[加强系数 不一样]
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15. GWD-29-Q40:TN21--GWD31-Q10
The Hyksos invaded the Nile Delta of Egypt and ruled it from 1650 B.C. Their origin is uncertain, but archaeologists hypothesize that they were Canaanites. In support of this hypothesis, the archaeologists point out that excavations of Avans, the Hyksos capital in Egypt, have uncovered large numbers of artifacts virtually identical to artifacts produced in Ashkelon, and Ashkelon was a major city of Canaan at the time of the Hyksos’ invasion.[因果解释型--是否他因解释//因果颠倒；是否 他因素决定是否能解释；是否类比成立]
In order to evaluate the force of the archaeologists’ evidence, it would useful to determine which of the following?
A. Whether artifacts from Ashkelon were widely traded to non-Canaanite cities?
B. Whether significant numbers of artifacts that do not resemble artifacts produced in Ashkelon have been found at Avans?
C. Whether Avans was the nearest Hyksos city in Egypt to Canaan?
D. Whether Ashkelon after 1550 B.C. continued to produce artifacts similar to those found at Avans?
E. Whether any artifacts produced by the Hyksos after 1550 B.C .have been found in Egypt作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:49
26. GWD30-Q26:[PREP2-115]
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Some commentators have argued, correctly, that since there is presently no objective test for whiplash, spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. These commentators are, however, wrong to draw the further conclusion that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious: clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
事实/现象。A得出X结论/解释。B反对X结论/解释. 但不能说B反对了 事实/现象的 成立与否。
只能说 the implication/explantion of事实/现象 is at issue. 也可以说 事实/现象 support X结论。
since/because+证据，A得出X结论/解释。B反对X结论/解释. B有可能 反对证据 从而反对结论；也有可能 直接反对结论。
注意 是否是Intermediate conclution.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is an intermediate conclusion drawn to support the judgment reached by the argument on the accuracy of that finding.
B. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge the accuracy of that finding.
C. The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is an intermediate conclusion that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument criticizes.
D. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a narrower claim that the argument accepts.
E. The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:49
28. GWD30-Q28:
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Presently, no objective test for whiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant a conclusion that has been drawn by some commentators: that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious. Clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
B. The first is claim that has been used to support a position that the argument accepts; the second is a position that the argument rejects.
C. The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is the judgment reached by the argument concerning the accuracy of the finding.
D. The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is the judgment reached by the argument concerning one alleged implication.
E. The first is a finding, the explanation of which is at issue in the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against the explanation that the argument defends.作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:49
27. GWD30-Q27:[因果差异比较+措施达目的]
Personnel officer: The exorbitant cost of our health-insurance benefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by our employees. Employees who are out of shape, as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do their colleagues who are fit. Therefore, since we must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitness program of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employees who are out of shape to participate.
[ insurance benefits<-- medical expenses; more medical expenses <--out of shage; 措施能否让人fit; 措施是否有反向作用]
The conclusion reached by the personnel officer depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. A person who is fit would receive a routine physical checkup by a doctor less regularly than would a person who is out of shape.[非原因成立必要]
B. The medical expenses incurred by employees who are required to participate in the fitness program would be less than those incurred by employees who are not required to participate.[无关比较]
C. The strenuous activities required of out-of-shape employees by the program would not by themselves generate medical expenses greater than any reduction achieved by the program.[没有负面效果]
D. The fitness program would serve more employees who are out of shape than it would employees who are fit.[无关]
E. The employees who participate in the fitness program would be away from work because of illness less than would the employees who do not participate.[无]
32. GWD30-Q32:TN--19. GWD31-19
Sonya: The government of Copeland is raising the cigarette tax. Copeland’s cigarette prices will still be reasonably low, so cigarette consumption will probably not be affected much. Consequently, government revenue from the tax will increase.
Raoul: True, smoking is unlikely to decrease, because Copeland’s cigarette prices will still not be high. They will, however, no longer be the lowest in the region, so we might begin to see substantial illegal sales of smuggled cigarettes in Copeland.
Raoul responds to Sonya’s argument by doing which of the following?
A. Questioning the support for Sonya’s conclusion by distinguishing carefully between no change and no decrease[无]
B. calling Sonya’s conclusion into question by pointing to a possible effect of a certain change.
C. Arguing that Sonya’s conclusion would be better supported if Sonya could cite a precedent for what she predicts will happen.
D. showing that a cause that Sonya claims will be producing a certain effect is not the only cause that could produce that effect[因果解释--他因解释]
E. pointing out that a certain initiative is not bold enough to have the predicts it will have[无]作者: 草莓圣代 时间: 2010-10-21 09:50
40. GWD30-Q40:
Investment banks often have conflicting roles. They sometimes act for a client company by raising capital from other investment institutions as advantageously as possible, but their analysts also sometimes send unfavorable reports on the financial health of companies for whom they are raising capital to other clients who wish to make investments. Analyses of companies’ financial health need to be unbiased if an investment bank is to achieve long-term success.
If the statements above are true, which of the following practices, if adopted by an investment bank, would hinder its long-term success?
A. Evaluating and rewarding the bank’s analysts on the basis of recommendations made by managers who are solely engaged in raising capital for clients
B. Using reports by the investment bank’s analysts to determine how best to raise capital for a client
C. Sharing the task of raising capital for a client with other investment banks
D. Ensuring that conflicts between analysts and those who raise capital for clients are carefully mediated and resolved by impartial arbitrators
E. Monitoring the success or failure of analysts’ current predictions about how companies will perform financially, in order to determine the value of future predictions作者: citidandan 时间: 2010-10-22 06:27
谢谢分享@@作者: Fadaways 时间: 2010-10-24 06:29
谢谢@作者: foreverluke 时间: 2010-10-25 06:29
谢谢￥
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