gwd-12-q4 Q4 to Q7:
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity— Line the ability to recollect specific past events, (5) to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic (10) memory in animals. According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of-
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together. Clayton sought to (15) examine evidence of scrubjays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation. In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food (20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event. Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another. Jays (25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain (30) information about the what, the where,
and the when. Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q4:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation
B. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations
C. present similarities between human memory and animal memory
D. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human
E. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment
答案B，但我看大家对这道题目也是有争议的， 我觉得D更好啊
有没有人讨论这道题目阿，我觉得是D啊。
开篇提出一个Argument，然后针对其中的uniquely设计了实验，实验描述，证明动物可以retain information-episodic-like memory，但还不知道他们是否可以experience the past.
而B的话就忽略了第一句的作用，即实验的背景和目的，而且这个limitation我觉得用的怪，只是实验结果没能证明它的目标而以，不能说这个实验就是有limitation的吧……
有没有NN来讲讲这个阿作者: piacia 时间: 2010-10-12 20:25
