标题: [求助]gwd-18-Q8 to Q10 [打印本页] 作者: zcooles 时间: 2010-10-4 21:58 标题: [求助]gwd-18-Q8 to Q10
本帖最后由 zcooles 于 2010-10-4 21:59 编辑
Q7 to Q10:
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity—
Line the ability to recollect specific past events,
(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic
(10) memory in animals. According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together. Clayton sought to
(15) examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation. In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food
(20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event. Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another. Jays
(25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain
(30) information about the what, the where,
and the when. Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.
Q9:
It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that
A the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
B the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior
C Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
D Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
E Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories
原文结尾说道：Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory。
这种鸟的行为到底是不是属于“episodic-like” memory啊？
还有正确答案B中的“observable behavior ”指的是什么？
谢谢！！
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory。
这种鸟的行为到底是不是属于“episodic-like” memory啊？
还有正确答案B中的“observable behavior ”指的是什么？
谢谢！！作者: lilingfeng 时间: 2010-10-5 06:35
注意，最后一句"Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory"用的词是“episodic-like” memory，并非"episodic memory"。因此Clayton并没有承认这种行为是episodic memory，跟前面一句意思一致"Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information."
而observable behavior应该是指类似于scrub jays可以观察到的行为，它们可以retain information from past experience，但是却区别于人类的"the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind".
以上是本人的理解，有如异议，请指出。作者: piacia 时间: 2010-10-6 06:38
C 选项：Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
不选是因为连clayton自己也不确定scrub jays有没有在reexperience the past.所以C绝对化说scrub jays 没有experience the past是错误的是吗？ 另外episodic-like memory是clayton自己命名的，并不是author和clayton都同意的对吗？
因为文章的最后一句强调说“Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.”只是说Clayton承认出现了“episodic-like” memory，作者本人并未表示自己亦赞同这个观点，所以C选项错误作者: pilipala711 时间: 2010-10-7 06:35
