例子：比尔盖茨 创业、捐款；
甘地：印度独立 名人效应
三菱隐藏信息、Apple的裁员——企业道德
福特汽车——企业领袖的社会影响
研究——不良信息对儿童的影响
Success
Bill Gates
When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.
详见：http://forum.topway.org/viewthre ... &extra=page%3D1作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:24
Thomas Alva Edison（维基上新找的）
(February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous woks.
Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name "Saint of the Gutters." The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.
Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.
Mandela
Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:25
Beethoven
Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition.
Business Moral
Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attacks against the company have costed the company substantial amounts of money.
Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.
Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the break system of Pajero, one of the company’s major products, before apologized to public. Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the break error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share but also the confidence of consumers.
Social responsibility:
Google, the fastest growing US technology company, can serve as the best example to demonstrate the importance of social responsibility. Based on its outstanding philosophy of social responsibility – “Do No Evil”, Google established and secured a distinct reputation in the
Internet Service Provider industry and cultivated a large customer base that is unusually devoted to its products and service.
Consequently, this reputation for social responsibility, as one of its most valuable assets, in turn, significantly benefits the company in long term.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:25
Business Strategy(个人认为可以用在“经验”的题上)
For example, SEGA, producer of Saturn, was the first company to develop home video game machine commercially, but Sony Entertainment INC., producer of Play Station, proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliance with other producers and distributors to manufacture and market its hardware and software. Because consumers had more choices on Play Station’s games, they seldom bought SEGA Saturn. By the end of the 1990’s, Play Station dominated the home video game market while SEGA Saturn was no longer in production.
自己新编的：Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a technology have an advantage to win more market share and get more profits. Beta is the first company to produce VCR commercially. The company refuse to form strategy alliance with distributors and manufacturer to market the product the, believing the experience that being the first company to commercialize the VCR will give it enough benefit to win in the market. However, it lost grounds to other companies that are willing to market products through alliance.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:25
Globalization
The financial crash of October 1987 and the Asia Economic Crisis in 1998 demonstrate that the world’s capital markets are more closely integrated than ever before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village—almost instantaneously.
For example, the US Subprime Mortgage financial crisis in July 2007, caused by a sharp rise in home foreclosures, rapidly affected every market in the world, reaching as far as England, Brazil, and even Hongkong overnight. Without exception, each financial institution in the global financial industry was affected to some extent, although some of these institutions may have no direct business with US Subprime Mortgage market. This can be explained by the process of globalization, which has so highly integrated the global economics that no business can be isolated from it.
Architecture
The Potala Palace is Tibet’s cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture. The Potala palace was built by Songtsen Gampo, the first king of Tibet, in the 7th century. The roof and many other parts of the Palace were decorated by pure gold, which was contributed by the Buddhist in Tibet. Since its construction, the Potala Palace has been the home of each successive Dalai Lamas, the religious leader of Tibet. This building dedicates not only to religious belief but also to the accommodation place—over a thousand Lamas live in it today. Shaped by the people of Tibet, the Potala Palace has a far-reaching influence on the Tibetan’s religion as well as every day lives.
Besides religious impact, buildings represent our intellectual and business behavior. Take Bank of China Tower as an example. It is located at No. 1 Garden Road, central Hong Kong. The tower itself is 315 meters high, and the unique style and spectacular appearance has made it one of the most distinguished buildings in the world. The BOC tower is a masterpiece of the world famous American-Chinese architect Mr. I.M.Pei. The inspiration of the design is derived from the elegant poise of bamboo. Now, the BOC tower is a symbolic of strength, vitality and growth, representing also the Bank’s commitment to the rapid development of Hong Kong and to servicing the community. The BOC tower has not only recorded a glorious page in the construction history of Hong Kong but also highlighted the new phases of expansion in Hong Kong.
Constructed in the Victory Age, the Big Bell is now the biggest bell in the world and is still one of the important parts of the English lives.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:26
Energy
OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.
Nowadays, developed countries already masters the technology of using more efficiency and economical energy resources, such as water and solar energy, while the traditional and wasted energy still dominates in the developing countries. International cooperation enables the technology transfer between developed countries and developing countries and devotes to the benefit of entire human beings. A worldwide leader can speed up the decision-making progress and enhance the solidarity among the member countries.
Children
From a social and psychological standpoint, violence xxx has the ability to influence xxx on both an implicit and an explicit level. For example, research on aggressive behavior as an effect of xxx has found that exposure to xxx may result in different level of undesirable behavior. Moreover, some scientific study suggests that an addiction can be formed from xx. This addiction could cause physical and mental health problems, spending problems, and time displacement leading to missed work or school days.
Others
It took Columbus, the Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth is round, over 3 months to sail from Europe to America. However, we can do so by air within one day.
Rabbi Meir, a second-century scholar, admonished his disciples to look not at the pitcher but as its contents because, he stated “Many a new pitcher has been found to be full of old wine.” This was his way of emphasizing the importance of the distinction between form and idea, and of stressing that the integrity of an idea is more important than the form of its expression.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:26
Innovation:
Apple Inc., a fastest growing US consumer electronics company, can serve as the best example to demonstrate the importance of innovation. While most of its competitors concentrated on developing fastest processors or largest storages, Apple, based on its outstanding philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design, established and secured a distinct reputation in the
consumer electronics industry and has cultivated a customer base that is unusually devoted to the company and its brand.
Global Warming
For example, the Kyoto Protocol, an agreement aimed to reduce global emission of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases that cause global warming, was ratified by more than one hundred and fifty countries. Because all the counties participated in Kyoto Protocol are aware of the adverse effects of global warming on natural environment, human life, and global economy, they cooperate closely and actively to protect their own, as well as the shared, interest. Like greenhouse gases, xxx also has comparable, if not worse, influence on the future of people’s daily life. Therefore, it is necessary for all counties to work closely to xxx.
Life Expectancy
World wide life expectancy, the average length of survival of a given population, has been greatly improved in the past century, although the improvement varies in different areas. Advances in sanitation, nutrition and medical knowledge, and dramatically decreased infant mortality rate, made incredible changes in life expectancy possible, especially in developed countries and regions. In developing and relatively poor countries, governments also are taking great efforts to improve the life expectance. All countries, including developed and developed ones, are serious about the life span of their population, because it represents most of the population’s wishes作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:26
Public Figure（两个维基上新找的例子）
We can see this point from the In the development movement of India in which Gandhi, credited with Father of the Nation, played a very important role. During the movement, many people followed him and his principles of non-cooperation, non-violence and peaceful resistance. He led his followers to practice many movements with his reputation, such as Dandi Salt March, Quit India civil disobedience.
Bill Gates can donate 10 billion dollars to help the most poorest countries to develop and use vaccines, the action has saving millions of people in developing countries. Bill has far more wealth than common people and thus has unique power to address such social problem as public health.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:26
113 科技让人疏离
Technology ultimately seperates and alienate people more than it severs to bring them together.
Whether the technology brings people together or separates people apart? The author believe that the technology contribute more to alienate us. While technology bring us a lot of benefits, after viewing the issue in several aspects and taking some compelling factors into account, I concur with the author. My agreement with the author involves fundamental and deep analyses discussed as follows.
In the first place, technology makes today' society a more competitive one with increasing pressure on people. People have to spend more time to work and study to keep up with the innovation and progress brought by technology, resulting that the time for family members, colleagues and friends is becoming less and less. In consulting industry, the average working time is 80 hours per week. With such heavy work load, no other things but tiredness can remain after a day's work.
In the second place, technology also make people depart from the real world. The popularity of internet evidence is the best evidence. More and more people, especially young, are addicted to conversation and interaction on the internet .The lack of real communication in the real world will definitely separate and alienate people. And with addiction to internet, more people prefer to spent leisure time on Internet rather than with friends.
Some advocators of technology might argue that the technology is bringing us together. They often use the example that the advanced transportation can let us reach almost any place in the world in just one day to get together with people who will be difficult to see without the benefit of technology. However, with no time for people around us , how can we spend a day to gather with people in the distance? It’s true that technology also contribute the convenience for people’s communication, but more people won’t take this convenience due to the changes bring by technology.
In summary, taking all the mentioned considerations into accounts, I feel comfortable to arrive the conclusion that technology alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:27
成功
39 success/personal life
工作，生活的平衡——长期，未解决的问题。如今的竞争压力让这一问题更难，但其并非无法实现，不一定非得牺牲个人生活。
目前的竞争环境，更多的时间在工作上，举例CEO Hudson，每周超过100小时。很累，没有时间消遣与沟通。
但越来越多人意识到，政府和企业都限制工作时间，个人提高工作效率，并且都留出空余时间给爱好（hobby）和家人。唐骏，以幸福家庭闻名，并且每周日打篮球。美满的个人生活更能促进事业的成功。
结论，难，但并非不可实现。
JJ29、result/specific work
重申作者观点。认为对，但并非一点也不考虑结果
确定目标，之后按步骤做，并根据形式的变化而改变策略。太多关注结果会导致分心，并作出错误决策。例如在做投资决策时，过于关注利润，会导致关注眼前的回报率，而忽视长远的发展。举例，比尔盖茨。
然而，并非完全不顾结果，适当的考量能让在完成手头工作更有目标，防止偏离目标。举例，公司给每个员工设定KPI
总结，多关注手头的事，不要过多地关注结果，更引向成功，但适当地考量结果会帮助取得结果in a more effective way.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:27
JJ 经验是否能给我们带来帮助
p: complex 大多数帮助
帮助：古代，没有先进的科学技术，农民依靠经验决定播种（sow seed）施肥（fertilize），丰收，除草。今日，doctor diagnose according to the symptoms of patients. In daily life, we can know it might rain if black clouds gather overhead.
不分析情况地根据经验做出决策会导致失败。
Traditionally, the first firm to commercialize a technology have an advantage to win more market share and get more profits. Beta is the first company to produce VCR commercially. The company refuse to form strategy alliance with distributors and manufacturer to market the product the, believing the experience that being the first company to commercialize the VCR will give it enough benefit to win in the market. However, it lost grounds to other companies that are willing to market products through alliance.
除此以外，不同的领域运用经验的情况也不同，一些需要创新的领域少依赖经验，科学家少在40岁后有所建树。
妇女和儿童
JJ 15
重述观点， 各国是都采取措施来防止儿童接触成人资料，such as淫秽（obscene）和暴力language or behavior。但最佳方法是通过合作完成。
因特网全球产物，全球化情况下，可从一国看到另一国的网络信息。举例，Ab国设置网络限制，EN国无，从En国得到的信息会使Ab国的工作futile. 正如环境问题，因特网也需要……。
确实困难，不同国家有不同的标准，难设定统一的标准。但努力值得。儿童（未来）喜欢模仿，不良的信息对他们的影响极大
For example, research on aggressive behavior as an effect of xxx has found that exposure to xxx may result in different level of undesirable behavior. Moreover, some scientific study suggests that an addiction can be formed from xx. This addiction could cause physical and mental health problems, spending problems, and time displacement leading to missed work or school days.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:28
商业道德
45、111、64
大多时候对，有时不对
大多情况下，ethic benefit. For example,顾客是利润源泉，对顾客诚实，让顾客满意才能给企业带来长远利润，反之，会导致企业失败，举例。
Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the break system of Pajero, one of the company’s major products, before apologized to public. Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the break error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share but also the confidence of consumers.
然而，生存和利润是企业的根本，在一些情况下，不得不牺牲道德来保证企业的运营。
In 1998, in order to make Apple return to profitability. Steve Jobs terminated a number of projects such as Newton,Cyberdog and shearing about 1/3 of the employees. Many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding elevator, “afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened.”作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:28
企业结构和员工：
3、
hierarchical (等级制度的)
驳斥提出的原因，不会带来团结与协作。举例，意见不合，需要领导决定。
不公平，没有动力学习新技术，努力工作（improve skills, accomplish work-related goals,assume responsibility for the completion of their assigned task. Without enticement such as money, status or recognition, few people would accomplish anything of value or assume responsibliity），最终影响公司效率，导致企业失败。除此以外，都一样，感觉没有提升，员工会离开公司
21
根据表现来薪资，会让员工更努力工作，have the incentives to improve skills, accomplish work-related goals,assume responsibility for the completion of their assigned task以提高自己的表现。 In my experience, with enticement such as money, status or recognition, people would accomplish task or assume responsibility more active. 若是仅根据工作年限，年老的员工工作又稳定，薪资又高，不思进取，影响生产力，导致失败。
但不能不考虑工作年限，若仅考虑表现，没有归属感just a tool for the business, a sense of belonging. 许多公司都在设定KPI来发薪资，提升的同时，每年都给员工一定的薪资增幅。作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:28
政府责任：
JJ A13 responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.
government participation
这是个不单关乎个人，更关乎社会整体，公共利益的重大事件。凡涉及社会整体，公共利益，政府就有义务去承担责任。除此以外，个人总是更关注眼前的利益，个人的利益，常为了自身利益损害公共利益，必须要政府去调控、监测、强制执行力（enforcement power）才能完成，政府无可推卸责任。而且个人常常对环境保护有错误认识，需要政府的正确引导
政府有资源，举例，自然保护区的建设，来自税收的资金支持，技术支持，调动人力的人员支持。
但离不开个人的努力，需要市民乘坐公共交通以减少汽车尾气排放（automobile emission），减少空气污染( reduce, prevent)，需要再生活中节约各类资源。作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:29
影响力
JJ AI24 商业领袖/政府官员
Position: complex case. most of the time true, sometimes not
go越来越多的外界压力，重大决策都必须经由投票，团体的讨论，个人的权力有限。by contrast, free market, bl 压力更小，更充分的自由来做出决策。除外，越来越多的商业领袖影响到政府的决策制定和立法（legislative and judicial power）. 同时，由于经济影响力，可以引导国家乃至世界, J.P morgan ‘s control of the US’ high finance in 1900s.这些政府官员都无法做到。
历史经验告诉我们，商业领袖能引导社会变革。Henry ford’ introduction of modern assembly lines revolutionized the manufacturing industries and his introduction of Model T automobile also revolutionized transportation of American
也有些领域，影响力不如政府官员、外交，能源、军事。在有些国家，政府控权，商业领袖无法充分发挥自己的影响力，不如go.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:29
JJ名人/普通人
Celebrities has unique power address social problem, as they have high profile and resource others don’t have
公众形象,有影响力，人们愿意追随 We can see this point from the In the development movement of India in which Gandhi, credited with Father of the Nation, played a very important role. During the movement, many people followed him and his principles of non-cooperation, non-violence and peaceful resistance. He led his followers to practice many movements with his reputation, such as Dandi Salt March, Quit India civil disobedience.
有更多的资源，公众人物，各个领域的成功人物。Bill Gates can donate 10 billion dollars to help the most poorest countries to develop and use vaccines, the action has saving millions of people in developing countries. Bill has far more wealth than common people and thus has unique power to address such social problem as public health.作者: 竹子 时间: 2010-8-11 16:29
企业管理
JJ young workers/older workers
In today’s fast paced world，employers gain more benefit from energe and new ideas of younger workers than experience and wisdom of older workers.
JJ unhealthy behavior/work and personal
Employers should prohibit employees from engaging in unhealthy behaviors, both at work place and in their personal lives
P:不赞同
限制工作场所——好，个人生活——隐私。抽烟。增加与员工冲突，许多员工不喜欢公司干涉自由。against the law.
企业 productive, stable workforce, 关心员工对，无义务去帮助员工……。有人说，不良嗜好会影响工作， 可以从工作中考量，不合指标，可以处分，无须采取这样的措施
JJ innovation / change
Constant innovation within an organization are as likely to damage the organization as they are to improve it.
We are living in a wold which is developing at a tremendous speed which requires constant innovation and change. 新的产品，新的服务来满足消费者，新的管理制度，新的运营方法来管理，Logistics, innovation VMI strategy Wal-mart and P&G, 供应商管理库存，降低库存，精确生产
However constant change and innovation may harm if not adjust ourselves to adapt to it. eg. change the manager frequently,
every coins has two sides, need , 不可unnecessary
其他：
JJ很多现象表明，我们越来越尊重彼此的差异
P:承认，好现象
变化不同的colour、race、religion、belief, culture
中国capitalism is evil，market economy
美国 discrimination to the black people
in family respect children
social life, different characteristics of language/ behavior
