1.
Because of the enormous
research and development expenditures required to survive in the
electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile
demand, such firms tend to be very large.
(A) to survive
(B) of firms to
survive
(C) for surviving
(D) for survival（B）
(E) for firms’
survival
答案B，但是还原到题干意思不通：firms require expenditures of firms to survive in the electronics industry。 请高手指教作者: EGHJUYMN 时间: 2010-7-15 22:01
答案解释是：因为后面出现了such firms, 所以前面应该出现firm，这样与such呼应。但是问题是这个require of sb. to do sth. 的结构似乎解释不通。作者: banglixing 时间: 2010-7-16 22:29
expenditures required of firms to survive
首先这里 这个of 并不是表示表示belong to这个意思来修饰 名词expenditure 从而表达公司
的消费这个意思
如果 of firms 是修饰 expenditure的话 那完全可以把他提前到expenditure边上意思也不会
改变
整个句子变成 expenditure of firms required to survive 根据 sb is required to do
sth这个idiom
它的意思其实是 公司的消费需要存活。 错误的意思
其实这里的这个 of 它是修饰 动词require的 类似于 need sth from somebody 这个意思
牛津字典里的用法：
【often passive】require sth of sb = to make sb do or have sth, especially because
it is necessary
according to a particular law or set of rules:
[VN]
What exactly is required of a receptionist (= what are they expected to do)?
Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.
去掉同位语，为Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, such firms tend to be very large.
由于Because of后面只能接名词，所以required to....和in the electronics industry....都是修饰enormous research and development expenditures，是定语，这个require和后面的firm没有关系；
那么R&D的花费是公司存货的要求，看到是required那么可以这么理解，expenditures is required of firm to survive. 然后就可以用楼上那些牛津的用法解释（eg.* It is required (of me) that I give evidence. 要求我提供证据. * Civil Servants are required to sign the Official Secrets Act. 公务员须签署遵守公务保密条例. ——这边的that I give evidence完全可以用to give envidence来改写）
