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标题: 英语难句读法-选自GWD版 [打印本页]

作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:16     标题: 英语难句读法-选自GWD版

下载链接:http://forum.topway.org/viewthread.php?tid=210295&extra=
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:16

前言

阅读是英语学习中非常重要的一部分,一方面是因为学英语首先要input,阅读是学习英语的基础,是获取知识的手段,更是提高英语水平的必经之路。另一方面,因为阅读在各种考试中所占的比重都是很大的。如果说英文水平可以划分为如下五个层次:acceptable level(可接受), communication level(可交流), accurate level(准确理解), fluent level (流利表达)and proficient level(精通), 那么这本书可以让你的英文水平在短时间内提高到 accurate level,并且为达到更高的水平打下基础。
GRE, GMAT 的阅读可以说是最难读懂的阅读之一,下面我们就来分析一下GRE, GMAT阅读的特点:
1.        单词量大:有些单词恐怕这一辈子只能在GRE考试中见到。
2.        句型复杂:ETS专门将简单句型变成复杂句型,再加上混合了各种从句,有的句子长达10行。
3.        题材广泛:有文学评论, 美国历史, 生命科学,经济分析等。
4.        写作方法多样:有 argument[评论],proposition[命题],description [描述]等。
5.        写作思路迥异:有新旧观点型、现象解释型、结论解释型、问题解决型等。
6.结论出乎意料:通过前面的写作方法和写作思路,往往会导致结论与常理相反。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:17

针对GRE, GMAT 阅读的特点,怎样才能读懂GRE, GMAT的阅读呢?
GRE考试并不只是单纯的语言考试,而是测试思维能力的考试——测试解决问题的能力。对于GRE阅读而言,正确选项必是原文提供的信息,并是所有可供选择的选项中最好的一个。这就要求我们根据原文的内容及选项之间的区别来答题。所以我们不能将解题重点浪费在无关的内容上,而是尽快获取解题所需信息,然后将注意力集中在读问题和比选项上,才能在保证答题的正确率的同时节约时间。 可见,读懂的关键就是对阅读文章的正确理解与记忆,培养新的阅读习惯。
我们必须在阅读的过程中注重对文章的内容记忆,而非花大量精力去理解文章所隐含的逻辑关系,即我们所要记住的是文章说了些什么事情,而不是为什么要说这些事情。这种客观性,要求我们答题的所有依据都包含在原文中,所以读文章时记住比理解重要。本书就是要介绍一种新的阅读方法,能够迅速准确得,只读一遍,读懂英文。
由于英文和中文的表达习惯不同,在读英文时,我们往往被中文的阅读习惯所干扰,而不能正确理解英文所表达的含义。所以我们首先要排除中文解释对英文理解的干扰,根据所读句子内容的合理性理解英文。然后按照下列原则练习读句子的能力:
1.        不看语法看内容
2.        按英文顺序接受
3.        选择正确的断点
4.        选择正确的词来琢磨
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:17

笔者是在多年的英语学习,以及英语教学中发现总结出这种规律的。这种规律,可以说是英语阅读的一次革命,从原来的传统读法,即先单词,再语法,最后再理解的阅读方法形成了鲜明的对比。传统的读法,我们浪费了很多时间在做和阅读毫无关系的事情,我这么说是因为我深有体会。如果按照这种方法读GRE, GMAT的阅读,首先要查至少半个小时的单词,即使用电子词典也不会少于15分钟。然后再分析那些难句的语法,搞清楚每一句的语法结构,以及上下文的逻辑关系。最后再边读边理解原文。我们有没有想过,我们前面的准备工作到底对我们理解原文有什么帮助。如果我们不去做这些工作是不是就一定读不懂原文呢?如果读中文,我们会不会把每一个生词都查一遍呢?肯定不会,因为我们可以推测出其中一部分单词的意思。这里我想提一下,阅读可能分为精读,泛读等等。我们读GRE,GMAT 的文章是介于两者之间的,也就是既要尽量达到精度后理解的程度,又要花和泛读差不多的时间。怎么能做到这一点呢,第一就是要为了读懂而读,不是所有的英文阅读都是精读。其次,要想记住尽可能多的内容一定要记中文,因为我们习惯于用中文去记忆内容。简单来说就是读出来的是按英文顺序排列的中文,这样既满足了我们既内容的要求,又可以满足我们加快速度的要求。经过一段时间的练习,就可以熟练掌握这种方法,甚至是internalize(内化),想不用这种方法都很难,因为你会在不知不觉中发现英文阅读很简单,不过如此,感觉像读中文一样舒服。但是,这里要提醒读者注意,这种方法不适于任何形式的翻译,当你熟悉这种方法之后,你会惊奇的发现你说出的竟然是英文顺序的中文。总之,笔者认为这是能够,迅速快速准确有省力的读懂英语的好方法,不妨一试。本书所收的例子均来自GRE,GMAT 的原题,有些是经典难句,读完本书,相信你的英文阅读水平会快速提高,同时GRE,GMAT中的经典难句也将成为a piece of cake(小菜一碟)。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:18

第二章 深入篇
看了上一章,相信你已经知道怎样可以读懂一个难句了,但是难句有很多种,不同的难句要有不同的读法,这样才能在最短的时间内,最快速, 最准确的读懂一个很难的句子。笔者认为读难句有三种境界:一. 认识,所以知道; 二. 不认识,但是知道; 三. 认识,但是不知道。下面我们就一起来进入读难句的三个境界。
一.        认识句子中的单词,所以知道句子的意思。
认识句子中的单词,所以知道句子的意思,这是读句子的第一个境界。这种句子可能是我们平时生活中常见的,或者句子是讲某一专业的方面,但句子中的单词并没有达到某种深度,所以我们可以大概认识句子中的所有单词。句子的结构也不是特别复杂,所以认识句子的单词基本可以知道句子的意思。读这种难句,相对来讲是比较容易的,只要按照我们前面介绍过的方法读句子就可以了,注意忘记语法,不理会复杂的句子形式,只看句子的内容,也就是按英文顺序排列的中文即可。下面例句有些人名地名仍然保留原样,因为对我们理解句子意思并不产生影响,这样的句子已经接近读句子的第二个境界了。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:18

1.While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
#当Jackie Robinson 是一个Brooklyn Dodger时,他的勇气面对身体上的威胁和语言上的攻击,并不像Rosa Parks的那样,Rosa Parks拒绝移动到一辆汽车的后面在Montgomery, Alabama。
2.A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
# 一个最近的研究发现,在过去的几年里,很多医生选择早点退休,而不是面临威胁/被起诉的和越来越多的费用/用于不当处置的保险的。
3.In June of 1989, Princeton Township approved a developer's plans to build 300 houses on a large portion of the 210-acre site of the Battle of Princeton, one of only eight Revolutionary War battlefields that had remained undeveloped.
# 在1989年六月,Princeton小镇批准一个开发者的计划,建造300间房子在一大部分/210英亩的Princeton战役的地方的,其中一个/仅有的八个革命战争战场中的/曾经保持没有被开发的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:19

4.Problems in the management of water and other resources will be at the head of the legislature's list of concerns for the coming 基session.
#问题/在管理水和其他资源方面的/将放在首位/立法机关的列表关注的对于下一个阶段。
5.Stable interest rates on long-term bonds are the financial market's vote of confidence that the Federal Reserve will keep inflation under control.
# 稳定的利率/长期债券的/是金融市场的表现/信心的/联邦储备局将控制通货膨胀。
6.Rather than continue to produce most of the items necessary for subsistence, a growing number of farm families during the first decades of the nineteenth century began to specialize in the production of grain or cotton and to use the cash proceeds from the sale of their crops to buy necessities.
# 不是继续生产大多数物品/生活必需的,一个增加的数量农民家庭的在前几十年/十九世纪的/开始专业化在生产谷物或棉花方面和使用现金/收入他们卖谷物的/去买生活必需品。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:19

7.Some analysts point out that because people are becoming accustomed to a steady inflation rate of four to five percent, businesses are finding that they can raise prices by this amount without provoking strong public reaction.
# 一些分析家指出/因为人们习惯于一个稳定的通货膨胀率/百分之四到五的,商业(人士)发现/他们能增加价钱/这么多数量的而不引起强烈的反应。
8.Although it was once funded entirely by the government, the Victoria and Albert Museum was among the first of Britain's national museums to seek support from corporations and private donors and to increase income by increasing attendance.
# 尽管曾经全部由政府出资,维多利亚和阿尔贝特博物馆是其中的一个/英国国家博物馆中/去寻找支持/从公司和私人出资者那里/并且增加收入通过增加参观人数。
9.Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.
# 在重组过程中,这个巨大的组织/管理这个公司的基本业务/将被分割成五组,每一个组有他自己的领导者。
10.Temporary-employment agencies benefit not only from the increasing demand for clerical workers but also from the higher profits made in placing highly paid professionals, requests for whom have increased in the recent wave of corporate takeovers.
# 临时雇佣代理处/不仅受益于增加的需求/对于办公室职员的,同时也受益于/更高的利润/制造出来的/在安置高收入的专家们,需求对于他们的/已经增加了/在最近的风波/公司交接过程中的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:19

11.Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial, as when the three major networks each broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.
# 尽管被要求深入研究政治事件,电视只能是表面上的(研究),因为三个主要的网络/每一个播放的/恰恰都是同样的声明/同一个政治候选人的发出的。
12.The record of the past is always incomplete, and historians in writing about it inevitable reflect the preoccupations of their own time.
# 纪录对于过去的/总是不全面的,而且历史学家/写这些纪录的/不可避免的反应出偏见/他们那个时代的。
13.Like virtually all of the nation's 50 busiest airports, New York's were built for an age of propellers, before jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.
# 事实上,像所有这个国家的50个最繁忙的机场一样,纽约的机场建造为了一个时代/螺旋桨的,在这之前/喷气式飞机/重达八十万磅需要超过两英里的跑道。
14.Judge Lois Forer's study asks why some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between rich and poor.
# 法官Lois Forer的研究调查了/为什么一些诉讼当事人有一个优先的地位/对于别人/在使用公共资源上,法庭,在理论上,应该是可利用的/对于所用的人/但是事实上/被不公平的分配/在富人和穷人之间。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:20

15.The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good as, or better than, any other system that might be devised for the patients treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing.
# 访问的药理学家判断/现在的混合/中药和西药的/可能是一样好,或者是更好,比其他系统/可能被发明的/对于那些病人/接受治疗在南开医院天津的。
16.School desegregation has worked well in Buffalo, New York, in part because parents and teachers were given major roles in designing the city's magnet schools, because extra federal funds were allocated to make each school unique, and because the federal judge enforced desegregation orders.
# 学校的废除种族隔离制(工作)已经进行的很好/在巴伐罗,纽约/,在某种程度上/是因为家长和老师被赋予这样的角色/设计这个城市的有吸引力的学校,也是因为额外的联邦政府基金被拨出/为了使每所学校有自己的特色,并且因为联邦法官加强废除种族隔离制的命令。
17.Researchers have questioned the use of costly and experimental diagnostic tests to identify food allergies, such as to milk,  that supposedly disrupt normal behavior.
# 调查者曾经对这有疑问/使用昂贵的试验的诊断测试去鉴别食物过敏,像对于牛奶(的过敏),假定它打扰了正常的行为。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:20

18.The number of mountain gorillas is declining so rapidly that the population was halved in the twenty years between a count made by George Schaller in 1960 and the one made by Dian Fossey in 1980.
# 数量/山上的大猩猩的/在减少/速度太快了以至于/数量减少了一半在20年间/在一个统计做出的/由George Schaller/在1960年和另一个统计/做出的/由Dian Fossey/在1980年。
19.A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence supporting the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65 million years ago.
# 一个最近的调查/对于古代的粘土沉积/已经提供了新的证据/支持这个理论/全球森林火灾/是被点燃的由于一个陨石作用/它促成了灭绝/恐龙的/以及很多其他的生物/在大约六千五百万年前。
20.As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and the most intense since Camille in 1969.
# 随着Hugo 飓风/靠近亚特兰大海岸,它极大的增加了它的力量,变成第十大强劲的飓风/攻击美国大陆的/在20世纪/而且是最强劲的/自从1969年的Camille飓风以后的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:20

二.        不认识句子中的单词,但可以知道句子的意思。
读句子的第二个境界是,不认识单词也可以知道句子的意思。当我们看到一个句子中,有很多陌生的人名或者地名,我们仍然可以读懂句子,因为我们不认识的部分并不影响我们理解句子的意思。相似的,有很多融入专业知识的句子,尤其是科技类的阅读中,有些单词我们不认识,查字典可能查不到,有的即使知道中文可能也还是不知道它确切的意思,对待这样的句子,我们只看句子的大意,即什么,因为什么,或者导致什么,等等。忽略不认识的单词,我们仍然可以知道句子的意思。这类句子多见于物理,化学,天文,考古等方面的专业文章,注意我们读句子读的是句子的内容,而不是句子所放映出来了专业知识,我们读懂这样的句子还是很容易的。
1.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.
# 伽利略确信/自然现象,作为表明/物理规律的,将会出现/同样地/对于一个人/在船的甲板上的/(船)移动平稳地速度均匀地在水中/和对于一个人/站在陆地上的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:21

2.In astronomy the term “red shift” denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spectrum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth.
# 在天文学词汇中,“红色移动”意味着这个范围/光线从一个遥远的星系已经移动/朝着这个红色的,或者说长波的,光谱的末尾/通过快速的移动/这个星系的/远离地球的。
3.The July 15 issue of the company paper will report on promotions, retirements, and other actions approved by the board of directors at its May meeting; the paper will also include obituaries.
# 七月十五号发行的/这个公司的报纸/将报道升迁退休,以及其他的行为/批准的由董事会/在五月会议上;这份报纸还将包括讣告。
4.Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe.
# 尽管水果不再生长,一旦被摘下来,它继续/一段时间/呼吸,吸进氧气并且呼出二氧化碳,就像人类一样/当他们呼吸时。
5.The labor agreement permits staff reductions through attrition and provides increased pension benefits and a special early-retirement program to speed the attrition process.
# 劳动协议/允许工作人员减少/通过消耗/并且提供增加的抚恤金利益/和一个特别的提早退休的计划/去加速消耗过程。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:21

6.Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey.
# 曾经很平常遍布西部平原,黑色脚的雪貂被认为减少了/数量上/由于这个的结果/中毒/牧羊犬的/, (牧羊犬)是雪貂的猎物。
7.The most favorable locations for the growth of glaciers are not the cold, dry polar regions but the cool, moist middle latitudes, where there is abundant precipitation and where it is cold enough to allow some snow to accumulate year by year.
# 最有利的位置对于增长/冰川的/并不是寒冷,干燥的极地,而却是凉爽,湿润的中纬度地区,那有丰富的降雨量并且足够寒冷让雪增加/年复一年。
8.In the 1950's astronomers were divided between those who believed the universe began with a cosmic explosion (the "big bang") and those who favored the model of an eternal and infinite steady-state universe.
# 在50年代,天文学家被分成(两大阵营),一些人相信宇宙开始/以宇宙大爆炸(大爆炸)和另一些人/相信这个模型/一个永久的无限的逐渐变化的宇宙的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:21

9.Citing evidence that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has increased more than seven percent in the last 30 years, many scientists have expressed a fear that destruction of forests and continued use of fossil fuels will cause an irreversible shift in Earth's climatic pattern.
# 引用证据/二氧化碳含量大气中的/已经增加多于百分之七/在过去的30年里,很多科学家已经表达出担心/破坏/森林的/而且连续的使用化石燃料/将导致不可更改的转变在地球的气候模型上。
10.Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, authorities are advising property owners to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.
# 促使/由于新的证据/健康的危险/引起的/由氡气/远远严重/比原来预想的,当局建议/财产所有者/检测所有的寓所/在第三层以下为了氡气/并且进行修理需要的。
11.In 1933 the rubber, clothing, and shipbuilding industries put into effect a six-hour workday, not as a temporary expedient but as a seemingly permanent accommodation to what many observers thought was an economy made overproductive by advances in technology.
# 1933年,橡皮业,服装业和造船业开始实行六小时工作日,不是作为一个暂时的利益而是作为一个看起来似乎永久的调节/对于这很多观察者所想到的/是一个经济/制造出来/由于过分生产/由于进步/技术的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:22

12.In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected.
# 在1987年12月,一个汽车制造商没有辩护/为了过错罚款/里程表干涉作用的/并同意付多于1600万美元/为了民事损失/因为试行车装有这种里程表的/断开了。
13.The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail's pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
# 这样的阻挠,来自于一个国会的器械/它减慢了速度缓慢的人的速度/(这种速度)很流行/即使是在最好的时代/在国会会议期间/同时(这种速度)检验忍耐力/每个人的/与其相联的,越来越成为一个时代错误/在这个时代/电信的。
14.The bank acknowledged that its difficulties are likely to continue as it attempts to deal with the precipitous fall of the dollar against the yen and the dislocations reflected in the stock market decline.
# 银行承认/他的危机有可能持续/因为他们打算去处理大幅下降/美元对日元的/同时这种混乱反映/在股票市场的下跌上。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:22

15.In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a chain drive lifts them through the Earth’s gravity to the top of the first drop, has been converted to kinetic energy by the time the ride ends.
# 从物理学角度而言,典型特点/滚轴滑行者的/是潜在的能量/小卧车的,获得的/从连续滑行中/推动他们穿过地球的重力/到达顶端/第一次落下的,已经转化为动能/到这个时间滑行结束时。
16.Just as plant species native to regions with browsing mammals evolved many natural antibrowser defenses (such as sharp spines and toxic chemicals), so humans in malarial regions have evolved dozens of chemical defenses against malaria.
# 就像植物物种/生长在这样的地区/有以植物为食的哺乳动物的/进化出/很多自然的针对以(他们为食的)捕食者的防御措施/ (比如锋利的刺和有毒的化学物质),所以人类/生活在疟疾流行的地区的/已经进化出几十种化学物质/抵抗疟疾。
17.The expected rise in the price of oil could have a serious impact on industrialized nations and severely diminish the possibility of having an economy free of inflation.
# 没有预想到的增加/在价钱上/石油的/产生了一个严重的影响在工业国/并且严重减少了这个可能性/有一个这样的经济的/没有通货膨胀的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:22

18.Recent excavations suggest that the ancient peoples of the Italian peninsula merged the cult of Damia---a goddess of fertility and the harvest--- with that of Venus.
# 进来的挖掘/表明古代的人/意大利半岛的/融合这样的崇拜/达米尔的/--(达米尔)是一个女神/(象征)孕育和收获的—以及维纳斯的(崇拜)。
19.Biologists believe that they have found one of the substances that tell individual genes both when to become active and when to remain quiescent in the earliest phases of an embryo's development.
# 生物学家/相信他们已经发现了其中的一种/这样的物质中的/它可以辨别一个人的基因/在这样两种情况下/当开始变得活跃/和保持不变时/在最早的时期/一个胚胎发展的。
20.According to a panel of health officials, there has been a great deal of confusion in the medical profession about whether obesity is a biological disorder posing serious health risks or a condition more related to appearance than to health.
# 根据一个专门小组/健康方面的官员组成的/,已经有大量的困惑/在医学界/关于肥胖是一个生物学的紊乱/导致严重的健康危险/还是一种状态/联系/更紧密地与外表/而不是健康。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:22

三.        认识句子中的单词,但是不知道句子的意思。
读句子的三个境界就是,认识句子中所有的单词,但不知道句子的意思,这种句子可以称得上是难句中的难句,最让人头疼得句子。为什么会有这样的句子呢,第一,英语中有很多约定俗成的用法,也就是把几个词组合在一起从而有了新的意思,这些用法需要日常的积累,不知道这些俗语的意思自然很难知道句子的意思;第二,英语与中文不同的语序,表达方式,省略等导致句子很难读懂,有些是ETS人为的造出一些形势复杂的句子,导致虽然认识句子中的单词但不知道句子的意思;第三,语言与文化历史是很难分开的,所以缺乏对的文化历史背景的了解可能导致读不懂句子的意思,就像中国的成语,外国人很难品出其中的味道,体现在句子中就是有一定的借代,隐喻等等。对于这类句子,一方面要有对英语语言文化的一定了解,另一方面,需要拨云见日,看到复杂形式后面的简单的句子的意思。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:23

1. Here is no consensus on what role, if any, is played by acid rain in damaging or slowing the growth of forests in the eastern United States.
# 没有达成共识/关于这个作用,如果有任何(作用),所起的/由酸雨/在毁坏或者减慢增长/森林的/在东部/美国的。
2.William H. Johnson’s artistic debt to Scandinavia is evident in paintings that range from sensitive portraits of citizens in his wife’s Danish home, Kerteminde, to awe-inspiring views of fjords and mountain peaks in the western and northern regions of Norway.
# William H. Johnson的艺术方面所欠的债/对于Scandinavia/是很明显的/在绘画方面/它包括的从有感情的肖像画/市民的/在他妻子的丹麦的家中,Kerteminde,到既令人敬畏又令人振奋的景色/峡湾的和山顶的/在西部和北部的地区/挪威的。
3. In 1978 only half the women granted child support by a court received the amount awarded; more than a million others had no support agreements whatsoever.
# 在1978年,只有一半的妇女/依法获得孩子的支持的/由法庭批准的/得到了这个数量/判定的;多于一百万/其他人/没有支持的协议/,无论如何。
4.According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.
# 根据一项最近的投票,拥有并住在一幢独立的房子中/在自己的土地上/仍然是一个目标/绝大多数年轻人的,就像上几代人一样。
5.Most large companies prefer customized computer software because it can be molded to fit the way a company does business, when off-the-shelf software often requires the company to alter its procedures to fit the software.
# 绝大多数大公司更喜欢用户化的电脑软件/因为它能够被制造成形/去适应这种方式/一个公司做生意的,而非用户化的(不在架子上的)软件通常需要公司改变它的程序/来适应这个软件。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:23

6.The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.
# 紫禁城/在北京的,从那里/皇帝统治国家/顺应天意,是一个地点/那没有普通人或者外国人能够进入/没有允许的情况下,或是没有死的痛苦的情况下。
7.A migraine typically afflicts one side of the head, lasts for hours or days, and may recur as infrequently as once every other month or as often as daily.
# 偏头痛/典型的特点是使一边的头疼,延续很多个小时或者很多天,并且可能再次发生/有可能不经常到/几个月一次/或者是经常到/每天都疼。
8.Unlike Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and other expatriates, William Carlos Williams insisted that poets honor their own regions and employ specifically American rhythms.
# 和Gertrude Stein,Ezra Pound还有其他的脱离国籍者不一样,William Carlos Williams 坚持认为/诗人以他们所在的地域为荣/并且使用特殊的美国的韵律。
9.According to some analysts, whatever its merits, the proposal to tax away all capital gains on short-term investments would, if enacted, have a disastrous effect on Wall Street trading and employment.
# 根据一些分析家的分析,不管它的优点是什么,提议/对于征税的/对所有资本收益/在短期投资上/将会,如果指定为法律,有灾难性的影响/在华尔街贸易和雇佣上。
10.Some biographers have not only disputed the common notion that Edgar Allan Poe drank to excess but also questioned whether he drank at all.
# 一些传记记者/不但争论通常的概念/即Edgar Allan Poe 喝酒过量/而且提出疑问/他是否喝酒了。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:23

11.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their grip on Algeria would never be secure.
# 负担的起战略性的接近/对于Gibraltar海峡,摩洛哥同样是有利益的/对于法国/在上半个世纪/二十世纪的/因为他们假定/没有他们的控制/对于阿尔及利亚的/那将永远不是安全的。
12.Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.
# 和蜜蜂不一样,黄蜂(黄色的外套)能够刺痛/反复地/而没有死亡,并且带着一个有效的毒液/它能引起强烈的疼痛。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:36

答案
1. =The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships/ that kept presenting and rearranging themselves/ on all levels/,from abstract intelligence/ to profound dreamy feelings/, made it difficult /for Proust/ to set them out coherently.
#丰富性和复杂性/有意义的联系的/--他们不断出现并重新排列/在所有的层次上/,从抽象的理性/到深奥的梦幻的感情/--,使变得很难/Proust/将它们联贯的排列好。
2.=It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)/that can serve as molecular probes/ to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s)/of the peptide hormones/. If brain cells are making the hormones/,the cells will contain these Mrna’S./ If the products/ the brain cells make/ resemble the hormones/ but are not identical to them/,then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s/,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s/ for the true hormones.
#这是可能的/制造出特别的互补DNA’s(cDNA’s)/,它作为分子探子/找出信使RNA’s(mRNA’s)/肽激素的/。如果脑细胞正在制造肽激素/,细胞就会含有信使RNA’s/.如果这个产物/脑细胞所产生的/类似于肽激素/但并非与肽激素完全相同/,那么cDNA’s仍然会和这些mDNA’s连接在一起/但是并没有像和mRNA’s连接的那样紧密/对于真的激素而言。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:37

3. =The molecular approach/ to detecting peptide hormones/ using cDNA probes/ should also be much faster/ than the immunological method/ because it can take years/ of tedious purifications/ to isolate peptide hormones/ and then develop antiserums to them.
#分子生物学方法/测定肽激素/用cDNA探子/应该速度更快/比免疫学方法/,因为(免疫学方法)要耗费多年/进行枯燥的提纯进程/为了分离出肽激素,然后再培养出它们的抗血清。
4. =This succession/ was based primarily on a series of deposits and events/ not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods/,rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains/ found in interglacial beds themselves/ interstratified within glacial deposits/.
#这一序列/主要以一系列地质沉积物和地质事件为基础/不直接相关与冰川期和间冰期的/,而不是依据更为普遍的现代方法/研究生物残留物/发现在间冰层中/层化在冰川沉积物之间。
5. =There have been attempts/ to explain these taboos/ in terms of inappropriate social relationships/ either between those who are involved/ and those who are not simultaneously involved/ in the satisfaction of a bodily need/,or between those already satiated/ and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
#人们试图/解释这些禁忌/,依据不相称的社会关系/不是在那些人置身于/和那些人并没有立即置身于/满足人的身体需要中/,就是在那些人早已酒足饭饱/和那些人不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:37

6.=Many critics/ of Eamily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights/ see its second part as a counterpoint/ that comments on,if it does not reverse,the first part,where a "romantic" reading/ receives more confirmation.
#很多文学评论家/研究Emily Bronte小说《呼啸山庄》的/,把小说的第二部分视为(小说第一部分)的一个对比/进行评论/,如果不是将第一部分逆的话/,在小说第一部分/,一种“浪漫主义的”的解读/得到了更多的确证。
7.=Granted/ that the presence of these elements/ need not argue an authorial awareness/ of novelistic construction/ comparable to that of Henry James/, their presence/ does encourage attempts/ to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.
#当然这些因素的存在/并不意味着作者的意识/对小说架构的/可与Henry James的相比/;然而他们的出现的确/鼓励了这些想法/统一小说各种各样的部分。
8.=This is not because/ such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis/(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger)/,but because/ Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power/ that,ultimately,/resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
#不是因为/这样的一种解释必定会僵化成一个命题/(尽管僵化的解释对这部或任何小说是一种危险),而是因为/《呼啸山庄》有一些不可控制的因素/一种力量的,/它,无可辩驳地/,拒绝结论/于一个无所不包的解释中。
9.=The isotopic composition/ of lead/ often varies/ from one source of common copper ore/ to another/,with variations exceeding the measurement error/;and preliminary studies/ indicate/ virtually uniform/ is topic composition of the lead/ from a single copper-ore source.
#同位素构成/铅的/经常存在差异/在一种来源普通铜矿石的/与另一种之间/,其差异超出测量误差/;而最初的研究/表明,几乎完全一样/铅同位素构成/从单独一个铜矿石来源的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:37

10. =More probable/ is bird transport/,either externally/,by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers/,or internally/,by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
#更有可能的/是鸟类传递/:不是外部地/,即由于偶然粘附/种籽在羽毛上/;就是内部地/,即由于(鸟类)吞下果实并后来排泄出来种籽。
11.=It is not known/ how rare this resemblance is/,or whether it is most often seen/ in inclusions of silicates/ such as garnet/,whose crystallography/ is generally somewhat similar/ to that of diamond;  but when present/,the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence/ that the diamonds and inclusions are truly co genetic.
#现在还不知道/多么稀少这种类似/,或者是否它常见于/内含物中硅酸盐的/象石榴石/,它的晶体结构/通常有些类似于/钻石;但是(这种类似)一旦存在/,就被视为有力的证据/钻石与内含物的确是同源的。
12.=Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model/,such as the critique/ developed in Divided Society/,attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically/ to factors of economic and social mobility/ and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination/ of Puerto Ricans/ as a colonial minority/.
#即使是激进批判对这一主流研究模型的/,例如这种批判提出在《分裂的社会》一书中/,联系起来少数民族同化问题过分机械地/与因素经济和社会移动性的/,因此无法阐明文化从属关系/波多黎各人的/作为一个殖民地少数民族。
13.=They are called virtual particles/ in order to distinguish them from real particles/,whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way/,and which can be detected/.
#它们被称为虚粒子,为了区别他们和实粒子/,(实粒子的)存活时间不会受到限制/以同样的方式/,并且(其存在)能够被测定。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:38

14. =Other theorists/ propose/ that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle/ by the Earth’s collision/ with another large celestial body/ after much of the Earth’s iron/ fell to its core.
#其他理论家/提出/,月球是撕裂开来形成的/地球的石质地幔/由于地球碰撞/与另一个庞大天体/在地球的大部分铁/沉入到地核以后。
15.=Thus,what in contrast to the Puritan colonies/ appears to Davis/ to be peculiarly Southern/— acquisitiveness/,a strong interest in politics and the law/,and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models/—was not only more typically English/ than the cultural patterns/ exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut/,but also almost certainly characteristic/ of most other early modern British colonies/ from Barbados/ north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.
#因此,那些形成鲜明对比/与(北方)清教殖民地/显得对戴维斯来说/特别南方化——占有欲/, 浓厚兴趣对政治和法律的/, 以及倾向培养大都市文化模式的/——不但是更典型的英国式/比文化形式/展现出来的清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州/,而且几乎是固定特征/大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的/从巴巴多斯/北至罗得岛和新罕布什尔州。
16.=A very specialized feeding adaptation/ in zooplankton/ is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian/ who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus/ equipped with filters/ that capture and concentrate phytoplankton.
#一种极特殊的进食适应性变化/在浮游动物体内/是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物(的那种变化)/,它生活在核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球内/,张着过滤器/,(过滤器)捕捉和集中浮游植物。
17.=These historians/,however/,have analyzed less fully the development/ of specifically feminist ideas and activities/ during the same period.
#这些史学家/,然而,/曾分析了/不充分地/发展/那些具体的女权主义思想和活动/在同一时期中。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:38

18.=When the core of a giant star/ whose mass surpasses 1.4 times the present mass of our Sun/ exhausts its nuclear fuel/,it is unable to support its own weight/ and collapses into a tiny neutron star.
#当内核一颗巨星的/它的质量超过1.4倍目前质量我们的太阳的/耗尽其核燃料时/,它就不能支撑自身的重量/,并收缩成为一颗小型中子星。
19.=This is so/ even though the armed forces operate/ in an ethos of institutional change/ oriented toward occupational equality/and under the federal sanction/ of equal pay for equal work.
#情况是这样的/即使武装部队运作/在一种精神下体制变革的/趋向于职业平等/并在联邦政府约束下/同工同酬的。
20.=Not only are liver transplants never rejected/,but they even induce a state/ of donor-specific unresponsiveness/ in which/ subsequent transplants of other organs/,such as skin/,from that donor/ are accepted permanently.
#不仅肝脏的移植从来没有被排斥/,而且肝脏移植甚至还诱发了一种状态/供应移植器官者特定的无反应的/,在此状态中/,后来的移植其它器官的/,如皮肤/,那个供应者的/会永久地被接受。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:38

21.=While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct/,the one papyrus fragment/ raises the specter/ that another may be unearthed/,showing/,for instance/,that it was a posthumous production/ of the  Danaid tetralogy/ which bested Sophocles/,and throwing the date/ once  more into utter confusion.
#尽管这个新学说看起来几乎一定正确/,可是这个莎草纸的残片/却引起了恐惧/,即另外一个残片可能会被挖掘出来/,显示出/,比如说/,它是作者死后发表的遗作/ Danaid四部曲的一部/它击败了Sophocles/,这样就置于作品的年代/又一次/在极度的混乱之中。
22.=The methods/ that a community devises to perpetuate itself/ come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy/ that that community perceives as essential/.
#这个方法/一个社会所创造出来以使其自身永久保存下去/得以形成以保存各个方面文化遗产的/在这个社会被认为是有本质意义的。
23.=Because the potential hazards/ pollen grains are subject to/ as they are transported over long distances/ are enormous/,wind pollinated plants/ have/,in the view above/,compensated for the  ensuing loss of pollen/ through happenstance/ by virtue of producing an amount of pollen/ that is one to three orders of magnitude greater/ than the amount/ produced by species pollinated by insects.
#由于潜在危险/花粉颗粒所要面临的/在其长距离的运输过程中/是巨大的/,由风授粉的植物/,按上述观点来看/,已经补偿了伴随产生的花粉损失/通过偶然事件而导致的/;它通过制造出花粉量/一至三个数量级多/比花粉量/产生的昆虫授粉的植物种类。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:39

24.=For example,the spiral arrangement/ of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones/,where the female reproductive organs of conifers/ are located/,is important to the production of airflow patterns/ that spiral over the cone’s surfaces/,thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
#例如,螺旋状排列/ scale-bract综合体的带有胚珠的松球的/,雌性生殖器官针叶植物的/所在的位置/,尤其重要对于产生气流模式的/,(这些气流模式)盘旋上升/在松球的表面/,从而传递在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞至下一个鳞苞。
25.=It was not the change in office technology/,but rather the separation of secretarial work/,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers/,from administrative work/ that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs/,thenceforth considered "women’s work."
#这并不是因为变化在办公室技术上/,而是由于分离秘书工作/——在此之前被视作习见训练对于刚刚起步的经理们来说/,——与行政工作/这在一种十九世纪八十年代,产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业/,自此以后,便被视作是“女人的工作”。
26.=The increase/ in the numbers of married women/ employed outside the home/ in the twentieth century/ had less to do with the mechanization of housework/ and an increase in leisure time/ for these women/ than it did with their own economic necessity/ and with high marriage rates/ that shrank the available pool of single women workers/,previously/,in many cases/,the only women/ employers would hire.
#增加/人数已婚妇女的/在家庭以外就业/在二十世纪/,这并无多大联系与家务活的机械化/和增加闲暇时间这些妇女的/,更多的是相关与妇女自身的经济需要和高结婚率/(高婚姻率)使得萎缩所能雇佣的单身女工的总量/,在此之前/,许多情形中/,(单身女性)则是唯一的一类妇女/雇主们所愿雇佣的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:39

27.=In order to understand the nature/ of the ecologist’s investigation/,we may think of the density-dependent effects/ on growth parameters/ as the "signal"/ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret/,one that tends to make the population/ increase from relatively low values/ or decrease from relatively high ones/,while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise"/ in the population dynamics.
#为了能理解本质/生态学家们所进行的研究的/,我们可以考虑密度依赖效应/对于增长参数的/作为“信号”的/生态学家们试图将其分离并予以解释的/,(这一信号)倾向于使种群数量/增加从相对较低的数值/,或减少从相对较高的数值/;而与此同时,那些密度独立效应的作用产生“噪音”/在种群动态变化中的。
28.=But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible/ is no more "contradictory"/ than Du Bois’ famous,well-considered ideal/ of ethnic self-awareness/ coexisting with human unity/,or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism/ that also accommodates national identities and roles.
#但是这部剧的这一复杂观点/把黑人自尊和人类团结看作是和谐的/并不矛盾/比Du Bois的著名的、深思熟虑的理想/民族自觉意识的/共存和人类大同/;或Fanon的强调/对于理想的国际主义/, (这一理想)同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。
29.=Inheritors/ of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century/ Progressive historians/ such as Beard and Becker/,these recent historians/ have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
#继承者/某些观点的二十世纪早期的/, “进步派”史学家/如Beard和Becker等人/,这些近期的史学家/所提出的观点/它值得我们予以评价。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:39

30.=Despite these vague categories/,one should not claim unequivocally/ that hostility between recognizable classes/ cannot be legitimately observed.
#尽管存在这些模糊的分类/,但我们不应该声称断然地/,敌对态度在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的/就无法被合理地观察到。

31.=Yet those/ who stress the achievement/ of a general consensus /among the colonists/ cannot fully understand that consensus/ without understanding the conflicts/ that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
#然而,那些(史学家)/ 他们强调成果/一种普遍的一致意见的/在殖民者之间曾出现的/不能充分理解/这种一致意见/而不理解各种矛盾的存在/(那些矛盾)只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得它(那种一致意见)。
32.It can be inferred from the passage/ that the author would be most likely to agree with/ which of the following statements/ regarding socioeconomic class/ and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/ during the American Revolutionary War?
#可以推断出来从文章中/作者最有可能同意/以下哪一个陈述/关于社会经济各阶层/并且支持叛党和保王党的原因/在美国革命战争中?
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:40

33. =Although it has been possible/ to infer from the goods and services/ actually produced/ what manufactures and servicing trades/ thought their customers wanted/,only a study of relevant personal documents/ written by actual consumers/ will provide a precise picture/ of who wanted what/.
#尽管这是有可能的/推知从商品和服务中/实际制造出来的/是什么制造商和服务业/认为他们的顾客所需要的/, 但是只有一番研究对相关的个人文件进行的/由真实的顾客撰写的/能够提供一幅精确的图像/关于“什么样的人”需要 “什么样的东西”。
34.=Such philosophical/ as the mind-body/ problem or,more generally/,the nature of human knowledge/ they believe/,are basic human questions/ whose tentative philosophical solutions/ have served as the necessary foundations/ on which all other intellectual speculation/ has rested.
#这样的哲学问题/如灵与肉的问题/,或更普遍而言/,人类知识的本质/他们相信/,都是一些基本的人类问题/其探索性的哲学答案/已经成为必要的基础/在其上所有其他的智力思辩/建立。
35.=The idea of an autonomous discipline/ called "philosophy"/, distinct from/ and sitting in judgment/ on such pursuits/ as theology and science turns out/,on close examination/,to be of quite recent origin.
#这种观点一种独立学科的/被称为“哲学”/,有别于/并高高在上地进行评判/按这种方法追寻下去/神学和科学诸般学科结果/,细作审视,我们便不难发现/,(其渊源)是极为近期的事。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:40

36.=But the recent discovery of detailed similarities/ in the skeletal structure of the flippers/ in all three groups/ undermines the attempt/ to explain away superficial resemblance/ as due to convergent  evolution/—the independent development of similarities/ between unrelated groups/ in response to similar environmental pressures.
#但是,最近的发现细节上的共同点/对骨骼结构鳍肢的/在所有这三类动物身上/,足以削弱这样一种企图/即解释把表面上的相似/当成趋同进化所致的结果/—(而所谓的趋同进化是指)彼此独立的相似特征/在互不相关的生物种群之间/作出反应对于类似的环境压力/。
37.=Human genes/ contain too little information/ even to specify/ which hemisphere of the brain/ each of a human’s 10’’ neurons/ should occupy/,let alone the hundreds of connections/ that each neuron makes/.
#人类因基/包含如此之少的信息/,甚至于不能去确定/大脑的哪个半脑/人类的10个神经细胞中/(哪一个细胞)应占据/,更不用说成千上万的连接/每个神经细胞所形成的。
38.=These questions are political/ in the sense/ that the debate over them/ will inevitably be/ less an exploration/ of abstract matters/ in a spirit of disinterested inquiry/ than an academic power struggle/ in which the careers and professional fortunes/ of many women scholars/—only now entering the academic profession/ in substantial numbers/—will be at stake/,and with them/ the chances for a distinctive contribution/ to humanistic understanding/,a contribution/ that might be an important influence/ against sexism in our society.
#这些问题带有政治色彩/从这一点上讲/这些辩论围绕这些问题展开的/将不可避免地与其说是一种探索/对抽象问题的/在客观冷静的科研精神指导下/,倒不如说是一种学术上的权力斗争/在此斗争中, 职业生涯和学术命运/许多女学者的/——只是在现在才开始进入学术界/以众多的人数/——将前途未卜/,与她们相伴随的/是机遇去作出一种独特贡献/对人文理解的/,这一贡献/则很有可能成为一个重要影响/消除性别主义在我们社会中所存在的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:40

39.=In experiments/,an injection of cytoplasm/ from dextral eggs/ changes the pattern of sinistral eggs/,but an injection/ from sinistral eggs/ does not influence dextral eggs.
#在实验中/,一个注射对细胞质进行的/取自右旋卵子的/,可以改变模式左旋卵子的/;但是一个注射(对细胞质进行的)/取自左旋卵子的/却不能影响到右旋卵子。
40.=Recently/ some scientists have concluded/ that meteorites/ found on Earth/ and long believed to have a Martian origin/ might actually have been blasted free of Mars’s gravity/ by the impact on Mars of other meteorites.
#最近/,某些科学家得出结论认为/,那些陨石/在地球上发现的/并一直被相信源自火星的/,有可能实际上是被震动而离开火星的重力作用范围/由于其它的陨石撞击火星。
41.=Under the force of this view/,it was perhaps inevitable/ that the art of rhetoric/ should pass from the status/ of being regarded as of questionable worth/—because/ although it might be both a source of pleasure/ and a means to urge people/ to right action/,it might also be a means to distort truth/ and a source of misguided action/—to the status/ of being wholly condemned/.
#在这种观点的力量作用下/,这可能是不可避免的/修辞艺术/应该从这样一种地位/被视为具有让人怀疑的价值—因为/尽管它既有可能是一个快乐的源泉/和一个手段推动人们/去做正确的事情的/,它也有可能成为一种手段歪曲事实的/和一个来源误导行为的/—转变到这样的地位/彻底地遭谴责的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:40

42.=None of these translations/ to screen and stage/,however/,dramatize the anarchy/ at the conclusion of A Connecticut Yankee/,which ends with the violent overthrow/ of Morgan’s three-year-old progressive order/ and his return to the nineteenth century/,where he apparently commits suicide/ after being labeled a lunatic/ for his incoherent babblings/ about drawbridges and battlements.
#没有任何一部作品在所有这些改编的作品中/被搬上银幕和舞台的/,然而/,能生动地再现无政府状态/,在结尾处《康乃涅克州的美国佬》(A Connecticut Yankee)的/,原作以如下情节为结尾/摩根为期三年之久的进步秩序被暴力推翻/他又重返于十九世纪/,在那里他显然自杀身亡/在被列为疯子之后/由于他的那些语无伦次的蠢话/关于吊桥和城垛的。
43.=Calculations/ of the density of alloys/ based on Bernal-type models/ of the alloys metal component/ agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values/ from measurements on alloys/ consisting of a noble metal/ together with a metalloid/,such as alloys of palladium and silicon/,or alloys/ consisting of iron,phosphorus,and carbon/,although small discrepancies remained/.
#计算/合金的密度/在这个基础上伯纳尔所建立的模型/旨在研究合金中金属成分/保持一致和通过实验确定的数据/从一些合金的测量研究中得到的/包括一种贵金属和和一种准金属/,例如,钯和硅的合金/,或者是合金由铁、磷、和碳组成的/,尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。
44.=It is now established/ that the Milky Way is far more extended/ and of much greater mass/ than was hitherto thought.
#这现在已被人们公认了/银河系是更加浩瀚广阔的/并且质量远大的多/比迄今为止所想象的(情况)。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:41

45.=And Walzer advocates/ as the means/ of eliminating this tyranny/ and of restoring genuine equality/ "the abolition of the power of money/ outside its sphere" .
#Walzer赞成/作为这样的手段/消除这种专制暴政/和恢复真正平等的/“废除金钱的权利/在其范围之外的” 。
46.=Is it not tyrannical/,in Pascal’s sense/,to insist/ that those who excel in "sensitivity"/ or "the ability to express compassion"/ merit equal wealth/ with those who excel in qualities (such as "the capacity for hard work")/essential in producing wealth?
#这难道不是专制暴政/,按Pascal的想法/,如果坚持认为/那些人擅长“敏感”/或者擅长“这种能力表达怜悯之心”/,应获取同等的物质财富/与那些擅长这些品质(诸如“勤奋工作的能力”)/这些品质是本质的在物质财富创造过程中?
47.=Yet Waizer’s argument/,however deficient/,does point to one of the most serious weak-nesses of capitalism/,namely/,that it brings to predominant positions/ in a society/ people who/,no matter how legitimately/ they have earned their material rewards/,often lack those other qualities/ that evoke affection or admiration.
#然而,Waizer’s的观点/,无论多么不充分/,确实指出了最严重的一个弱点资本主义的/,也就是/,它置于显赫的位置/在一个社会中/将某一类人/,这类人/无论以怎样合法的方式/他们获得了他们的物质补偿/,常常缺乏其它那些品质/能唤起他人受戴和钦佩。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:41

48.=The appreciation/ of traditional oral American Indian literature/ has been limited,hampered/ by poor translations/ and by the difficulty/,even in the rare culturally sensitive/ and aesthetically satisfying translation/,of completely conveying the original’s verse structure,tone,and syntax/.
#欣赏/对传统的口头的美国印第安人文学的/,一直被限制和妨碍/由于质量低劣的翻译/和这个困难/,即使是在那种不可多得的体现着文化敏感/,又在美学上令人满意的译作/,难以完全传递出原作的诗体结构、语调和语义。
49.=Mores/,which embodied each culture’s ideal principles/ for governing every citizen/,were developed in the belief/ that the foundation of a community/ lies in the cultivation of individual powers/to be placed in service/ to the community.
#“风俗习惯”/,它体现了每一文化的理想标准/为了制约每个公民/,是发展起来的在这种信仰中/即这个基础一个社会的/在于个人能力的培养/并置于服务之中对社会的。
50.=Only in the case of the February Revolution/ do we lack a useful description of participants/ that might characterize it/ in the light of what social history has taught us/ about the process of revolutionary mobilization.
#只有在这种情况下二月革命/我们缺乏一种有效的描述对于参加者的/而这一描述则有可能给这场革命的定性/按照社会历史所教给我们的东西/关于这个过程革命流动的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:41

51.=Anthropologists and others/ are on much firmer ground/ when they attempt to describe the cultural norms/ for a small homogeneous tribe or village/ than when they undertake the formidable task/ of discovering the norms/ that exist in a complex modern nation state/ composed of many disparate groups.
#人类学家和其他人/会变得更加严厉/当这个时候他们试图去描述这个文化标准/对一个小的性质相同的部落或村落/,比这个时候他们去从事一项艰巨的任务/即去揭示一个文化标准/它存在于一个复杂现代的国度/组成是由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体。
52.=It has thus generally been/ by way of the emphasis/ on oral literary creativity/ that these Chicano writers/,whose English language works are sometimes uninspired/,developed the powerful and arresting language/ that characterized their Spanish-language works/.
#一般而言,正是/通过强调/对口头文学创造性的/,这些Chicano作家/,他们的英语作品有时显得缺乏灵感/,发展了这种强有力的和有吸引力的语言/它构成了特征他们西班牙语作品的。
53.=To measure them properly/,monitoring equipment/ would have to be laid out/ on a grid/ at intervals of at most 50 kilometers/,with sensors/ at each grid point/ lowered deep in the ocean/ and kept there for many months/.
#为了测量它们恰当地/,监测设备/将必须被设置/在一网络上/在这样的间距中最多为五十公里/,带有感应器/位于每个网点上/放置在海洋深处/并一直固定在那里在许多个月中。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:42

54.=This declaration/,which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment/,was designed primarily/ to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling/ in Dred Scott v. Sandford/ that Black people in the United States/ could be denied citizenship.
#这一宣言/,它被复述在文本中第十四条修正案的/,主要是为了对抗最高法院的判决/在“Dred Scott诉Sandford”一案中/,(此判决裁定)黑人在美国的/可被剥夺公民权。
55.=The broad language of the amendment/ strongly suggests/ that its framers/ were proposing to write into the Constitution/ not a laundry list/ of specific civil rights/ but a principle of equal citizen-ship/ that forbids organized society/ from treating any individual/ as a member of an inferior class.
#笼统的语言第十四条修正案的/强烈地暗示/其制定者/想要载入宪法的/不是一张清单/关于具体民法的/,而是一种原则/平等的公民权的/,这一原则禁止有组织的社团/对待任何一个个人/作为一个成员低等阶层的。
56.=This doctrine/ has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment/ to other,nonracial forms of discrimination/,for while some justices/ have refused to find/,any legislative classification/ other than race/ to be constitutionally disfavored/,most have been receptive to arguments/ that at least some nonracial discriminations/,sexual Discrimination in particular/,are "suspect" and deserve this heightened scrutiny/ by the courts.
#这一信条/已经扩展了适用范围第十四条修正案的/到其它的、非种族形式的歧视/,因为虽然某些法官/拒绝去发现/,任何法律上的分类/除种族以外的/被裁定为非法的/,但绝大多数法官已经接受了这样的论点/即至少某些非种族性质的歧视/,尤其是性别歧视/,是“值得怀疑的”/并且应该接受更高程度的审查/由法庭实施的。
作者: 胡子长了    时间: 2010-6-24 17:42

57.=Only when a system/ possesses natural or artificial boundaries/ that associate the water within it/ with the hydrologic cycle/ may the entire system properly/ be termed hydro geologic.
#只有当某一系统/拥有自然的或人工的界限/,它使得联系起来系统内的水和水文循环/,能够这整个系统恰当地/被称为水文地质学系统。
58.=Research/ during the past several decades/ on the nature of language/ and the processes/ that produce and make it understandable/ has revealed great complexity/ instead of underlying simplicity.
#调查研究/在过去的几十年里/关于语言的本质/和过程/制造并使语言可以被理解/已经反映出了极大的复杂性/而不是强调的简单性。
59.=The delinquency rates/ on mortgages/ for office buildings, hotels, shopping malls, and other commercial properties/ held by the nation's insurance companies/ have increased sharply in recent months/, leading to predictions/ that foreclosures on these types of loans/ could double/ over the next three years.
#不偿还的比例/抵押贷款的/对于办公楼,宾馆,购物中心,以及其他的商业房地产/掌握在国家的保险公司手中/已经大幅度的增加在过去的几个月中/,导致这样的猜测/取消这种类型的贷款/数量将翻番/在接下来的三年中。
60.=Warning/ that computers in the United States/ are not secure/, the National Academy of Sciences/ has urged the nation/ to revamp computer security procedures/, institute new emergency response teams/, and create a special non-government organization/ to take charge of computer security planning.
#担心/计算机在美国/不能保证安全/,国家科学院/已经敦促国家/更新计算机安全程序/,建立新的紧急情况处理小组/,并且建立一个专门的非政府组织/去管理计算机安全计划。
作者: aful    时间: 2010-7-1 09:55

下载了。
作者: chriswendy35    时间: 2010-7-6 06:47

谢谢分享!!!
作者: dontwannalos    时间: 2010-7-12 06:36

many  thanks !!!!
作者: gabriel_djh    时间: 2010-7-12 22:27

many   thanks !!!!
作者: piggycandys    时间: 2010-7-20 20:20

many  thanks !!!!
作者: zm_patrickS    时间: 2010-7-21 06:35

many  thanks !!!!
作者: sayysong    时间: 2010-8-6 06:30

感谢!!!
作者: DayDreamings    时间: 2010-8-7 06:21

many  thanks !!!!
作者: sayysong    时间: 2010-8-11 21:26

many   thanks @@@22
作者: georgina1107    时间: 2010-8-12 06:28

many  thanks !!!




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