备注: 黄色高亮是主题句定位, 灰色高亮是细节题定位, 蓝色高亮是推断题定位,绿色字体是评价题定位
Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical
research could be improved by a move toward
larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments.
Currently, researchers collect far more background
(5)information on patients than is strictly required for
their trials—substantially more than hospitals
collect—thereby escalating costs of data
collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting
information collection could increase the risk that
(10) researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study,
Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never
entirely eliminable from research, would still be
small in most studies. Only in research on entirely
new treatments are new and unexpected variables
(15) likely to arise.
Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that
researchers limit data collection on individual
patients but also that researchers enroll more
patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more
(20) representative sample of the total population with
the disease under study. Often researchers restrict
study participation to patients who have no
ailments besides those being studied. A treatment
judged successful under these ideal conditions can
(25) then be evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier
and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to
evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients
under various conditions and to evaluate its
(30) effectiveness for different patient subgroups.For
example, the value of a treatment for a progressive
disease may vary according to a patient's stage of
disease. Patients' ages may also affect a
treatment's efficacy.
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