The results of the company’s cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
答案是C
结构 the results are evident in its profits, which/with
很多时候，非限定性定语从句的which既可以理解为修饰前面句末的先行词，又可以理解为修饰前面整个句子，都能使句子有相应的含义。
这种情况，我们是直接判定修辞不明确错误呢？
还是分析句子含义，如果只有一种理解情况可以符合句子含义的，仍旧可以算作修辞正确。
She cycled from London to Glasgow, which is good for a woman.
这个句子既可以理解为cycle的行为很好，又可以理解为格拉斯哥很好。假设上下文含义是明确表示cycle这个行为好的话，我们这句算修辞正确么？
She cycled from London to Glasgow
, which is good for a woman.
cycle很好或者glasgow很好都可以make sense 在这句话里面。这种句子属于歧义，应该叫错误修辞吧。
又比如： He tore up my favorite photo, which upset me。
因为photo是my favorite，所以肯定不可能upset me。所以这句话里的which是修饰前面一句话的。
这种情况很明显就是只可能修饰前面句子的，但是由于语法上算成which修饰photo或者which修饰句子都行，算歧义导致错误修辞嘛。）作者: 追逐心海 时间: 2010-6-3 22:44
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the fi rst 3 months of this yearafter falling
(E) with a 5 percent increaseduring the fi rst 3 months of this year after having fallen
D、E两个选项都出现了时间状语从句主语省略，省略成立的前提是：fall的逻辑主语是increase. 显然不合逻辑，fall的主语应该是profit。
回答2
during the first three months of this year 和 over the last two years 都是完成时标志. 在此从句中,前者表示今年开始一直持续到第三个月甚至到说话时为止的动作, 应该用现在完成时. 后者表示过去两年一直持续到去年底为止的动作,是"过去的过去", 如果用句子表达的话, 则用过去完成时; 如果用after, 其后则跟动名词的完成式, 即having fallen. 牛津词典说, after + 动名词等同于完成式的结构. 即: after falling over the last two years = after having fallen over the last two years. falling 是动名词而非现在分词, 没有"一直进行"的意思.
after having done something是不可能對的
1. after巳表示the sequence of events. 沒有必要用having done來表示前後
2. 可是after someone/something has/have done something是acceptable; 如果變成after someone/something did something也可以have been doing才是一个从过去一直到现在的动作；have done是动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在
which +从句做非限定性定语修饰profits, 而with + 短语则修饰主句. 从句子的逻辑意思看, 应用前者.
至于争论的C, D。我认为，介词+分词，实际上是相当于一个状语从句，例如新概念4中有一片课文，中有一句话，On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that..........., 实际上相当于是When 引导的一个状语从句，与单纯的分词短语功能和性质是一样的。C项中which分句中的falling是合理的，因为falling动作的发出者是which。而D项中with+名词的结构使得falling无逻辑上的动作发出者。
