research could be improved by a move toward
larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments.
Currently, researchers collect far more background
(5)information on patients than is strictly required for
their trials—substantially more than hospitals
collect—thereby escalating costs of data
collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting
information collection could increase the risk that
(10)researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study,
Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never
entirely eliminable from research, would still be
small in most studies. Only in research on entirely
new treatments are new and unexpected variables
(15)likely to arise.
Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that
researchers limit data collection on individual
patients but also that researchers enroll more
patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more
(20)representative sample of the total population with
the disease under study. Often researchers restrict
study participation to patients who have no
ailments besides those being studied. A treatment
judged successful under these ideal conditions can
(25)then be evaluated under normal conditions.
Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier
and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to
evaluate a treatment’s efficacy for diverse patients
under various conditions and to evaluate its
(30)effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For
example, the value of a treatment for a progressive
disease may vary according to a patient’s stage of
disease. Patients’ ages may also affect a
treatment’s efficacy.
103.The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) identifying two practices in medical research
that may affect the accuracy of clinical trials
(B) describing aspects of medical research that
tend to drive up costs
(C) evaluating an analysis of certain shortcomings
of current medical research practices
(D) describing proposed changes to the ways in
which clinical trials are conducted
(E) explaining how medical researchers have
traditionally conducted clinical trials and how
such trials are likely to change
104.Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage about a study of the category of patients referred to in lines 21-23
(A)Its finding might have limited applicability
(B) It would be prohibitively expensive in its attempt
to create ideal conditions.
(C) It would be the best way to sample the total
population of potential patients.
(D) It would allow researchers to limit information
collection without increasing the risk that
important variables could be overlooked.
(E) Its findings would be more accurate if it
concerned treatments for a progressive disease
than if it concerned treatments for a
nonprogressive disease.
105. It can be inferred from the passage that a study
limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23
would have which of the following advantages over the
kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its ndings would
be more accurate.
(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it
would be more expensive in its initial stages.
(C) It would limit the number of variables
researchers would need to consider when
evaluating the treatment under study.
(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups
of patients with secondary conditions that might
also be treatable.
(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value
of an experimental treatment for the average
patient.
106. The author mentions patients’ ages (line 33) primarily
in order to
(A)identify the most critical variable differentiating
subgroups of patients
(B)cast doubt on the advisability of implementing
Frazier and Mosteller’s proposals about medical
research
(C)indicate why progressive diseases may require
different treatments at different stages
(D)illustrate a point about the value of enrolling a
wide range of patients in clinical trials
substantiate an argument about the problems
inherent in enrolling large numbers of patients in
clinical trials
(E)substantiate an argument about the problems
inherent in enrolling large numbers of patients in
clinical trials
107.According to the passage,which of the following describes a result of the way in which researchers generally conduct clinical trials?
(A) They expend resources on the storage of
information likely to be irrelevant to the study
they are conducting.
B) They sometimes compromise the accuracy of
their ndings by collecting and analyzing more
information than is strictly required for their
trials.
C) They avoid the risk of overlooking variables that
might affect their ndings, even though doing so
raises their research costs.
D) Because they attempt to analyze too much
information, they overlook facts that could
emerge as relevant to their studies.
E) In order to approximate the conditions typical of
medical treatment, they base their methods of
information collection on those used by hospitals.作者: caicainiao 时间: 2010-5-18 19:40
这题我第一次做也错了3个，哈哈作者: caicainiao 时间: 2010-5-18 19:44
逻辑简图还真没画过，帮不了你呵呵作者: pansy 时间: 2010-5-18 19:50
逻辑简图：
1P: F and M assert that research improved by….. Currently… although, F and M contend that….
2P: F and M propose not only…. .but also, thereby obtaining…. F and M suggest…for example….
第一题看这句话
Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments
我认为选折d选项
第二题
这是涉题点前文的话~Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that
researchers limit data collection on individual
patients but also that researchers enroll more
patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more
(20)representative sample of the total population with
the disease under study.
说的是F和M不仅建议研究员限制收集个体病人的数据，还叫他们让更多病人参与到临床实验中，以从总体人口中获得疾病研究更据代表性的样本。
注意后面的restrict的词，限制了，前面后面说的是相反的意思，所以我认为是选a
第三题，105 前文Only in research on entirely
new treatments are new and unexpected variables
(15)likely to arise.
我看到这句应该是在对比不足~我选择c
第四题，我选d，看句子意思
第五题，我看到generally，是一般的，不是f提出的正面形象，就在第一段去找
我选着了a，本文正面阐述是限制收集
你看看答案，然后回复我一下，我思路是这样的~作者: tianya 时间: 2010-5-18 19:56
第5题问的不是FM推崇的方法，而是现行的方法，是这一段：
Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials—substantially more than hospitals collect—thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis.
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