一、 句法结构
【结构一】 with +名词(代词)+介词短语
例1 he sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.
他手托下巴,坐在那儿沉思。
【结构二】 with +名词(代词)+形容词
例2 he stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
【结构三】with +名词(代词)+副词
例3 with production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。
【结构四】 with +名词(代词)+名词
例4 she used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书,她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
【结构五】with +名词(代词)+现在分词
例5 she stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。
【结构六】with +名词(代词)+过去分词
例6“i think we can leave with our heads held high,” eriksson said.
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开,”艾里克松说。
【结构七】with +名词(代词)+不定式
例7 with 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry.
还有十分钟,你最好快一点。
句法结构总结:
with + 名词(代词)+介词短语/形容词/副词/名词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式
二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语,可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
例8 with mary to help him, he is sure to succeed. With+名词+to do sth
有玛丽的帮助,他一定能成功。
【作定语】 主要是用作后置定语。 With+名词+介词短语
例9 the girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.
这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
三、句法关系
【主表关系】 主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。
例10 mother looked at me with tears in her eyes. With+名词+介词短语
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。
例11 with night coming on, we started for home. With+名词+现在分词
夜幕降临,我们动身回家。
例12 the boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。
【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的,前者表示“被动、完成”,后者表示“未做、待做”。
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