第一段死活理解不了，那位NN能给下指点啊。

能稍微看出些逻辑关系，但是不能理解里面的具体内容啊。

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the workers’ part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.

A is the best answer. In the second paragraph, the author gives the percentages of workers who

were unionized in different categories of the public sector in 1977.

Forty-six percent of government professionals were unionized; this is greater than the percentage

for any of the other categories of unionized workers from among the listed categories of

public-sector workers. Therefore, professionals were more likely to belong to unions than were

other public-sector workers.

44.

E is the best answer. In lines 17-24, the author describes the reasoning behind the

multioccupational unions’ attempt to achieve a fully unionized workplace. This reasoning is

provided to explain why “the multioccupational unions would often try to organize them <clerical

workers> regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity”(lines 15-17).

A helps to explain, but is not explained by, the attempt to achieve a fully unionized work force. An

explanation for C is given in lines 4-7. B and D are explained in the second and third paragraphs

of the passage.

45.

E is the best answer.

The question asks what would strengthen the author’s claim that a new strategy for unionization

has emerged since the mid-1970’s. Lines 30-31 cite the appearance of the new strategy. The

paragraphs that follow describe the changed circumstances that provided a context for such new

strategies. Lines 70-76 explain precisely how these changed circumstances created a reason for

new unionizing strategies. The author’s claim would be strengthened if it could be shown not only

that there are such new circumstances, but that the old circumstances discussed in the first

paragraph have become less important, further necessitating the adoption of a new strategy in

place of an old strategy suitable to those older circumstances.

46.

B is the best answer.

In the first paragraph, the author describes the considerations relevant to a union’s attempt to

organize a certain group of clerical workers prior to 1975.

In lines 2-3, the author notes the fact that most of these clerical workers were women, but does not

suggest that this was an important consideration for unionizers.

47.

319

C is the best answer.

According to the author, “the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and

political activism of women on their own behalf,” and this in turn has produced in women “a more

positive attitude toward unions”(lines 56-60).

Although other choices describe developments mentioned in the passage, none of these are said to

have been a consequence of the women’s movement.

48.

D is the best answer.

In the first paragraph of the passage, the author asserts that efforts to unionize public-sector

clerical workers prior to 1975 were limited and then goes on to describe these limited efforts. In

the second paragraph, the author asserts that a new strategy developed after 1975 and cites an

increase in union membership among public-sector clerical workers. The author begins the last

paragraph by asking what can explain this increase in union membership, and then proceeds to

provide an explanation. Thus, the passage is primarily concerned with analyzing and explaining

the increase in unionization among public-sector clerical workers.