删除了一些简单题，希望可以帮助到大家

这些题多读几篇就OK了

001

That sex ratio will be favored which maximize the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

003

Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the coming and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.

004

As she put it the common reader, “it is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

010

Such variation in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.

011

It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seems instead to influence the development patterning of the neural circuits.

012

Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

018

The physicist rightly dreads the precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbation of its underlying assumptions.

019

However, as they gained cohesion, the bluestocking came to regard themselves as a woman’s group and posses a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.

021

Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

022

Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

026

The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “common naturally” in archetypal situations in any culture.

029

Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a precise that over looked the smaller phytoplankton(nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.

039

Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.

042

Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Isamic law. Though historically there is discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of the ancient Israel of the ( the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the old testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in Diaspora.

043

Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab people of the conquered territories.

044

One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plant’s natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into non leguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen- fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.

046

Unless they succeed, the yield gains of green revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are indentified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible.

047

Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories)is “life as spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likeable hero.

050

The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, island believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean rigid system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.

051

Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements”( elements tending toward liquid rather than solid states) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathway.

055

Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexcian Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people- a charter minority on our own land.

056

It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them, then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.

058

Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.

059

This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.

060

There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.

062

Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic constructions comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.

063

This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all- encompassing interpretation.

067

It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly congenetic

068

Even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the culture subordination of Purerto Ricans as a colonial minority.

070

Open acknowledgement of the existence of woman’s oppression was too radical for the United States in the fifties, and Beauvior’s conclusion, that change in women’s economic condition, though insufficient by itself, “remains the basic factor” in improving women’s situation, was particularly unacceptable.

073

Thus, what in contrast to Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern — acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate the metropolitan culture models —was not only more typically English than the culture patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.

074

Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black Kingdom of Benin, attest to this.

078

This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.

079

An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the moon, in view of the moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.

080

Not only are livers transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor- specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently.

082

While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.

083

The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.

084

Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds in assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.

085

Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.   

086

For example, the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones, where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located, is important the production of airflow patterns that spiral over cone’s surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.

090

For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.

091

In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density – dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, which the density-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the population dynamics.

095

Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes can not be legitimately observed.

096

Yet those who stress the achievements of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflict that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

100

With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.

102

Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.

103

The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.

105

But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution—the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressure.

108

If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific—a valid, verifiable, intellectual method and anyone, whether man or woman, can perform--the definition not only precludes the critic-as-artist approach, but may also impede accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles.

109

These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars- only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers—will be at stake and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.

033

If the competitor can prove injury from the imports- and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad- the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.

036

And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.

038

In addition, the ideal of six CEO’s (female or male) serving on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six board.

039

Increasingly, historians are blaming disease imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of American in 1492- new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one- sixth of the human race at that time- and the few million full- blooded Native Americans alive at the end of nineteenth century.

041

Spanish tribute records… The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous record until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place.

043

Scientists have begun to suspect that this intergalactic gas is probably a mixture of gases left over from the “big bang” when the galaxies were formed and gas was forced out of galaxies by supernova explosions.

045

Transported outside the nucleus to the cytoplasm, the mRNA is translated into to the protein it encodes by an organelle known as a ribosome, which strings together amino acids in the order specified by the sequence of elements in the mRNA molecule.

046

However, recent investigation have shown that the concentration of most mRNA correlate best, not with their synthesis rate, but rather with the equally variable rates which cells degrade the different mRNA’s in their cytoplasm.

052

Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan.

053

The consumption of protein increase blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan.

060

New techniques for determining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organisms have produced evolutionary information about the degree to which organisms are related, the time since they diverged from a common ancestor, and the reconstruction of ancestral versions of genes.

062

The new tax law allowed corporations to deduct the cost of the product donated plus half the difference between cost and fair market selling price, with the proviso that deductions cannot exceed twice cost.

065

For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.

115

None of these translations to screen and stage, however, dramatize the anarchy at the conclusion of A Connecticut Yankee, which ends with the violent overthrow of Morgan’s three-year-old progressive order and his return to the nineteenth century, where he apparently commits suicide after being labeled a lunatic for his incoherent babblings about drawbridges and battlements.

117

And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality “the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere”.

118

Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal’s sense, to insist that those who excel in “sensitivity” or “the ability to express compassion” merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth?

120

The appreciation of traditional oral American Indian literature has been limited, hampered by poor translation and by the difficulty, even in the rare culturally sensitive and aesthetically satisfying translation, of completely conveying the original’s verse structure, tone, and syntax.

122

Only in the case of February revolution do we lack a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.

126

It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativity that these Chicano writers, whose English-language works are something uninspired, developed the powerful and arresting language that characterized their Spanish-language works.

129

This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discrimination, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.

GMAT

002

Fascination with this ideal has made American defy the “old world” categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo” defended or attacked.

004

“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised.

006

The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convections currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.

007

This view maybe correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.

016

The buttress their case that caffeine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et al compared the stimulatory effects of a series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice.

021

MESBIC’s are the result the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts capital available.

023

But the debate could not be resolved because no one was able to ask the crucial question in a form in which they could be pursued productively.

024

During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.

027

Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth- century middle class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.

029

Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources.

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