17. The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including there wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

A. merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

E. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

答案是e，我同意

可是记得白勇语法上讲

“句子，ing分词”中，ing分词作状语，或者表伴随，或者表结果，似乎不记得可以做定语呀

请大家指教

 句子结构：The new image… as…, rather than…, has emerged from… tools…, including…

主语是image，谓语是has emerged，过去分词found作后置定语修饰名词tools，including…是介词短

语作定语，修饰tools。

考点：逻辑表达、平行对称

1) 逻辑表达，which引导定语从句与分词后置定语作修饰成分没有差别，但定语从句需要通过其谓语

单复数来判断修饰哪个名词。

2) 平行对称-rather than，rather than连接的对象要对等，形式要相同，介词尽量不省略以避免产生

歧义。

(A) rather than连接对象不对称，分词scavenging与名词hunters；主语是image，谓语动词应该用单

数has。

(B) rather than连接对象不对称；谓语动词应该用单数has；emerge from后面应该跟名词examination

表结果，而不是分词examining表动作/状态。

(C) That从句应该修饰复数名词tools，谓语需用include；from + doing表状态不对，应用from+名词表

结果。

(D) That从句应该修饰复数名词tools，谓语需用include。

(E) 正确，including是介词。该选项也有瑕疵，如果补充as就平行了，否则有歧义rather than+名词

原则上可以和前面任何一个名词对称。