Q4 to Q7:

      The term “episodic memory” was

        introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

        considered a uniquely human capacity－

Line  the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)  to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind－as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)
    memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)
    examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)
    scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

        jays to remember the type, location, and

        freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another. 
     Jays

 (25)
     prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)
     information about the what, the where,

and the when. 
    Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

        reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

这道题的答案是没有问题的

因为 Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

而答案D choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are available 并没有牵扯到时间这个概念.

这篇的重点是虽然小鸟喜欢吃蟋蟀但是储存时间一久, 小鸟才改为吃花生

choice D 中的 "whenever" 严重违反的文章的叙述和重心

谢谢！我原来的理解真得有问题。这下明白了！

请问这篇文章的第一句话