philosopher John Locke

       stated that as much as

Line       99 percent of the value of

  (5)      any useful product can be

attributed to “the effects of

labor.”  For Locke’s intellec-

tual heirs it was only a short

step to the “labor theory of

 (10)      value,” whose formulators

held that 100 percent of the

value of any product is gen-

erated by labor (the human

work needed to produce

 (15)      goods) and that therefore the

employer who appropriates

any part of the product’s

value as profit is practicing

theft.

 (20)            Although human effort is       

       required to produce goods          

       for the consumer market,              

effort is also invested in               

making capital goods (tools,       

 (25)      machines, etc.), which are               

used to facilitate the produc-

tion of consumer goods.  In

modern economies about

one-third of the total output of

 (30)      consumer goods is attribut-

able to the use of capital

goods.  Approximately two-

       thirds of the income derived

from this total output is paid

 (35)    out to workers as wages and

salaries, the remaining third

serving as compensation

to the owners of the capital

      goods.  Moreover, part

 (40)     of this remaining third is

received by workers who

are shareholders, pension

beneficiaries, and the like.

The labor theory of value

 (45)      systematically disregards

the productive contribution of

capital goods—a failing for

which Locke must bear part

of the blame. 

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

1. criticizing Locke’s economic theories
2. discounting the contribution of labor in a modern economy
3. questioning the validity of the labor theory of value
4. arguing for a more equitable distribution of business profits
5. contending that employers are overcompensated for capital goods

答案是C 但是我想知道A为什么不对啊

Although human effort is       

       required to produce goods          

       for the consumer market,              

effort is also invested in               

making capital goods...

......

The labor theory of value

       systematically disregards

the productive contribution of

capital goods—a failing for

which Locke must bear part

For Locke’s intellec-

tual heirs it was only a short

step to the “labor theory of

(10) value,” whose formulators

held that 100 percent of the

value of any product is gen-

erated by labor

这句话可以看出来，locke's economic theories只能算作文章主旨的一个引子。所以labor theory of value才是文章真正的concern，