1.        T-9-Q35-Q37资本主义

For many years, historians thought

that the development of capitalism had not

faced serious challenges in the United

Line                     States. Writing in the early twentieth cen-

(5)                 tury, Progressive historians sympathized

with the battles waged by farmers and

small producers against large capitalists

in the late nineteenth century, but they did

not question the widespread acceptance

(10)               of laissez-faire (unregulated) capitalism

throughout American history. Similarly,

Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed

with the Progressives, argued that Amer-

icans accepted laissez-faire capitalism

(15)               without challenge because they lacked

a feudal, precaptialist past. Recently,

however, some scholars have argued

that even though laissez-faire became

the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century

(20)               America, it was not accepted without

struggle. Laissez-faire capitalism ,they

suggest, clashed with existing religious

and communitarian norms that imposed

moral constraints on acquisitiveness to

(25)               protect the weak from the predatory, the

strong from corruption, and the entire cul-

ture from materialist excess. Buttressed

by mercantilist notions that government

should be both regulator and promoter

(30)               of economic activity, these norms per-

sisted long after the American Revolution

helped unleash the economic forces that

produced capitalism. These scholars

argue that even in the late nineteenth

(35)               century, with the government’s role in

the economy considerably diminished,

laissez-faire had not triumphed com-

pletely. Hard times continued to revive

popular demands for regulating busi-

(40)               ness and softening the harsh edges of

laissez-faire capitalism.

T-9-Q35

The primary purpose of the passage is to

1. reveal the underlying similarities of certain arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

2. synthesize two competing arguments regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

3. defend an established argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

4. summarize a scholarly refutation of an argument regarding the development of capitalism in the United States

5. discuss a new methodology for the study of the development of capitalism in the United States

T-9-Q36

According to the passage, the Progressive historians mentioned in line 5 and the scholars mentioned in line 17 disagree with regard to which of the following?

1. Whether laissez-faire became the predominant ethos in the nineteenth-century United States

2. Whether moral restraints on acquisitiveness were necessary in the nineteen-century United States

3. The economic utility of mercantilist notions of government

4. The nature of the historical conditions necessary for the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the nineteen-century United States

5. The existence of significant opposition to the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the nineteen-century United States

T-9-Q37

The passage suggests that the scholars mentioned in line 17 would agree with which of the following statements regarding the “norms” mentioned in line 23?

1. They provided a primary source of opposition to the development of laissez-faire capitalism in the United States in the nineteenth century.

2. Their appeal was undermined by difficult economic times in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.

3. They disappeared in the United States in the late nineteenth century because of the triumph of laissez-faire capitalism.

4. They facilitated the successful implementation of mercantilist notions of government in the United States in the nineteenth-century

5. They are now recognized by historians as having been an important part of the ideology of the American Revolution.

Q35: D, Q36 E ; Q37 A,

35：

D更好，因为主要是针对scholarly 的 refutation，从however开始，some scholars。。。。

谢谢各位！