这些思路和理解中，有些也不完全正确（就象GWD，本来也没有一个确实的“标准答案”）希望大家有批判地看，并在最终复习中形成自己一套行之有效的解题思路，注：有些前后重复的题号也标注上了。
祝各位好运。
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A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product. But large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.
B. The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.
C. The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.
D. The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.
E. The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that strategy.
第一步不是假设，AC去掉。有转折，DE去掉。
GWD-1-Q13:
In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, this decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does any other state.
B. The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other states has increased over the past ten years.
C. There are far more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are local businesses that cater to retirees.
D. The total number of people who retired and moved to another state for their retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years.
E. The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.
[D]
错选为A A是无关，D的意思是，即使比例下降了，但绝对数上升了，所以这些生意还是好的。而且是和佛州本身比，不是和其它州比，A错。本题考察numbert and percentage，GMAT的一大类题。
That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia’s coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened.
Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?
A. If the number of miners working in Tribnian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribnia’s total coal production has doubled in that period of time.
B. Any individual Tribnian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has also experienced an increase in output per miner.
C. If any new coal mines had opened in Tribnia in the past five years, then the increase in output per miner would have been even greater than it actually was.
D. If any individual Tribnian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine’s overall output has declined or remained constant.
E. In Tribnia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years.
又是一个数学题：每名矿工的生产率在5年时间内翻了一倍，所以A说如果矿工数量不变，那么总产量肯定是翻了一倍了。
总产量＝矿工数量x每名矿工的生产率
In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health problem, especially among children. In one region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouraging farmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, since sweet potato is a staple主要成份 of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan will succeed?
A. The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
B. The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004.
C. There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D. The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E. There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.
(A)
The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
A. Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
B. No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
C. The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
D. Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
E. The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.
这个笛子只有四个孔残留，而结论认为这个四孔的骨笛就表明了当时就是7音音阶，则实际上是假定这个骨笛当时应该是至少有7孔的，e支持了这个假设。
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except in professional medical journals or by mail directly to physicians. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. Opponents object that, in general, laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
A. Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public
B. Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription
C. Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print
D. Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians
E. Whether physicians are likely to succumb to pressure from patients to prescribe inappropriate medications
[E]
A与非处方药无关，B的newly available，C的广播电视广告无关。D医生是否更注意直接给医生的广告还是登在公众出版物上无关。题目中含有患者找医生开药，选项中应该有“医生是否会给开”这样的意思。
GWD-8-Q31:
City Official: At City
Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
答案：[E]
我选错了。C错的原因在于，第二个BF是卫生官员的结论，而不是官员要反对的。
这两个都是结论，所以B**排除。E
Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
Davison River farmers are currently deciding between planting winter wheat this fall or spring wheat next spring. Winter wheat and spring wheat are usually about equally profitable. Because of new government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average. Therefore, planting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat, since??????.
A. the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices
B. new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested
C. the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region
D. spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat
E. planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye
原文意思：冬麦和春麦收益常差不多。新政府的规定使冬麦产量比春麦低。所以种春麦收益好点（指新政府规定后）。原因。。。（实质是找个支持结论的理由）。
答案：因为结论是比较两种麦的收益。其他选项都和两者的收益无关。只有A。A说冬麦卖的价格高点，但顶不了产量的减少。春麦的收益还是要好点。
建议：对原文意思的理解，要以原文为依托，不能猜，特别是逻辑题。冬麦价格就是冬麦价格，不是种子。 B**E划红的都是无关
[A]
GWD-1-Q33:
A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color. The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?
A. There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species.
B. The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season.
C. When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D. Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics.
E. Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.
错了 [D]问的问题是：哪种情况有利于该公司实行开发除草机的计划
A显然是一种不利的情况，因为文中说除草机是基于区别野草和庄稼的shade of colors而工作的，而A说：不同种类野草的shade of colors相当不一样，这样自然就对除草机基于shade of colors辨别野草增加了困难。——反之，考虑一种极端情况，如果所有野草都是同一种shade of colors，那么除草机就很容易辨别野草和庄稼了。
D说：通过选种和基因控制，能够让各种庄稼在不改变其他特性的情况下都有一种独特的shade of color，这样自然有利于除草机根据shade of colors的辨别来除草了。
D通过支持证据的方式支持结论。ABC对该计划不利，显然不可能是支持。E错在结论的范围是局限于在割草时因为节省劳动力所以节省成本。E说的是全年的考虑：不割草时可以干别的。所以无关。其实E也有无关标志词。A也有分类错，题目是杂草和庄稼分，而A是杂草之间分。
Which of the following most logically completes the passage below?
Heavy rains during Centralia’s corn planting season prevented some farmers there from planting corn. It is now the planting season for soybeans, another of Centralia’s principal crops, and those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting. Nonetheless, even though soybean prices are unusually high at present, the farmers will leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans, since ??????.
A. the extensive rains have led to an increase in the price of corn
B. some Centralian farmers anticipate serious financial losses due to the extremely wet spring planting season
C. chemicals that were used to prepare the fields for corn planting would stunt the growth of soybeans
D. the majority of Centralia’s corn farmers were able to plant corn as they had intended, despite the wet planting season
E. many Centralian farmers grow both corn and soybeans
[C]
错了。原文说：大雨在C地区的玉米种植季节阻止了农民种植玉米，现在正值种植大豆的季节，大豆是C地区的另外一种主要的农作物，这些原本要种植玉米的地区已经足够干了去种植。然而，尽管大豆的价格是非同寻常的高，农民宁可空着这些地，也不去种植大豆。问原因？
C说这些原来种植玉米地的化学物质将会阻碍大都的生长。（相当于解释原因）B 与原文信息相反 those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting。原文已说这些地足够干了。
Until Now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available. Parents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children. However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.
B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectable vaccines do.
C. The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D. Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E. The nasal spray vaccine is not effective when administered to adults.
E错了。是D。短文的结论是小孩用滴鼻药对公众健康没什么太大的意义, 因为小孩得了感冒不会有并发症. 但如果成年人从小孩身上传染到了感冒怎么办呢? 他们还是会有并发症出现, 还是会影响公众健康. 从而否定了愿文的结论.
E取非是nasal spray对于大人有用，但即使如此也不一定能够很有效改善公众健康，题干结论仍然有成立的可能。
many thanks !!!!!
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