77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?

(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

(B) Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

(D) √ Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes. 增加flying—>reduce crash ass: 因为缺flying—>所以会有crash

(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

答案是D。但是我自己做的时候在C、D间很犹豫。

请问，为什么C是错的？

如果把C取非加Not，也是weaken的啊！

我觉得,c是个无关项,原文说,因为实际飞行时间少,使得课堂教导没意思,所以要从考虑一下培训计划,因为和所以之间有个gap,(这个gap就是为什么实际飞行时间少,就要换计划呢??我们要找到论据和结论之间的桥梁,使得因为和所以结合更紧密)缺少实际飞行时间是飞机相撞的一个重要原因,

而c说的是飞机相撞的数目减少,原文没有说数目的问题

注意C中的focus on

1，从逻辑上说，实际上，提干中推理强调了两方面：

既要上课和交流，又要实际飞行训练，不能focus到一方面上

2，D从字面而非逻辑的角度说也要严密些，因为训练可以减少error，但是能不能减少crash还不是特别严密

因为说不定训练可以减少的error并不是造成crash的error

但是请大家注意，找逻辑方面的原因而不是死扣字面才是王道哈

谢谢。

C错在说的很绝对。两者不是充要关系。