Q17:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

D is not correct, in my opinion. limits can be only linked to to and off . And including seems to be able to modify population.

open to question

本来原句用which带从句无可厚非，但这道题明显考的是平行结构：

doing, doing,and doing. 所以establishment 改成 establishing.

5个选项里只有D、E是establishing，排除其他三个。

两个选项中E项也明显不平衡，如果一眼看还看不出来，分析一下三个平行成分。除了应该是doing之外，其他两个成分还都是doing+O(逻辑宾语）。所以establishing后面也应该直接跟逻辑宾语。E项的establishing of limits是个名词成分，不具有动名词的特征，因此也没带逻辑宾语，与其他两句不平行。

D项的limits是名词 for的用法是 establishing n. for sth "为sth设定什么东西。"跟limit带什么介词无关。

including不是修饰population的，这里是分词作主语同位语，主语是a number of remedies。including修饰的是主语。