The term “episodic memory” was

introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line the ability to recollect specific past events,

(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10) memory in animals. According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together. Clayton sought to

(15) examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation. In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required

jays to remember the type, location, and

freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event. Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another. Jays

(25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30) information about the what, the where,

and the when. Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information. Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory

Q7:

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.
2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.
3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.

E The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic

memory.

大家都选A，我怎么选B啊

而且看前文，T认为这个memory是人独有的

C通过实验不能证明这个memory其中的一点，就是reexperience

我觉得很合理，请指点