国际顶尖MBA申请交流平台--TOPWAY MBA

1. 我用的是800分大牛tonyadidas的AA 模版，但根据实际经验，对各段稍作精简（把拗口的一些词、句式去掉），再排了序（挑出常考到的高频理由）。

2. AA无需它法，只要把这些理由背熟！我复习AWA时间很少，但这些理由到现在还能脱口而出，靠平时上下班路上边想边背、反反复复背。

3. 画线处为经典的段首、尾句式，请务必背熟、灵活运用！因为各段内容可以现编，也常常编的是废话反复说，但有了这样漂亮的段首、尾来保障结构，就安全多了。

非常经典的开头、结尾――看完题目就开始直接打这两段，边打边想理由！

（经典）开头段模板 The conclusion endorsed in this argument is that…. Several reasons are offered in support of this argument. First of all, the author points out that…. In addition, the author reasons that… (What’s more, he also assumes that …) At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that the conclusion is based on some dubious assumptions and the reasoning is biased due to the inadequacy and partiality in the nature of evidence provided to justify the conclusion. A careful examination would review how groundless this conclusion is.

（经典）结尾段模板To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Accordingly, it is imprudent for the author to claim that…. To make this argument logically acceptable, the author would have to show that…. In addition, to solidify the conclusion, the author should provide concrete evidence as well to demonstrate that…. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal. （结尾中复述的理由就copy/paste开头中的理由）

时序性因果攻击Firstly, the author is engaged in ‘after this, therefore, because of this’ reasoning. The line of reasoning is that because A happened before B, the former caused the latter. However, this reasoning is fallacious unless other possible causal factors have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C. As a result, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of B must be based on a more thorough investigation to gather data in order to narrow down and locate the actual cause of B.

同时性因果攻击Secondly, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that A is the cause of B just because A coincided with B. However, a mere positional correlation does not necessarily prove a causal relationship. In addition, all other prospective causes of B, such as C and D, must be ruled out. Without detailed analysis of the real source of B, it would be groundless to attribute B to A.

错误类比攻击Additionally, it is highly doubtful that strategies drawn from A are applicable to B. However, differences between these two clearly outweigh the similarities, therefore making the analogy much less valid. For example, C and D all affect A but virtually absent in B. Accordingly, we can see that A and B are so dissimilar that B is unlikely to experience the same consequence if it adopts A’s strategies.

非此即彼攻击Last but not least, the author unfairly assumes that a reader must make a either-or choice. However, the argument fails to rule out possibility that adjusting A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only causes of the problem, thus the most effective solution might include a complex of other factors—such as C and D. In any event, the author provides no justification for the mutually exclusive choice imposed on the reader.

必要性攻击In the first place, the author unfairly assumes that B was determined solely by A. While A is a seemingly important element in determining B, it is hardly the only or even necessarily required element. This assumption overlooks other crucial criteria in determining B—such as C, D. Without accounting for these potential factors, the author concludes too hastily that …is the best way to achieve goals.

充分性攻击In the second place, the author’s solution rests on the assumption that A is sufficient to give birth to the desired goals. However, if it turns out that B is due to a combination of factors, some of which will remain unchanged in the future, such as C and D, only A might have no impact on B.

选择性样本攻击 A threshold problem is that the author provides no evidence to claim that the general group as a whole is of the same characteristic. The example cited, while suggestive of this trend, is insufficient to warrant that the sample is representative of the whole group. For example, I question that…Therefore, such evidence would be obviously unrepresentative. In fact, in face of such limited evidence, it is fallacious for the author to draw any conclusion at all.

(与“选择性样本攻击”较类似) 样本代表性攻击Moreover, a possible methodology problem in the argument is that it is of bias. The term ‘so many’ is too vague to be statistically meaningful. It is very possible that workers who were more interested in the survey might be likely to respond to the questionnaire. Lacking in the information about the number of workers surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to assess the validity of the survey. For instance, if 1000 workers were surveyed but only 10 responded, the result should be highly suspect. Because the author fails to account for other interpretations, the survey would be useless in concluding that….

忽略他因攻击Thirdly, the author has focused only on A. A more detailed analysis would reveal that other factors far outweigh the factor on which the author focuses. For example, C. Lacking a more comprehensive analysis of the causes, it is presumptuous for the author to claim that A solely determined B.

因果倒置攻击At last, it is possible that the author has confused cause with effect. Perhaps A was a response to B. Since the author fails to account for this possibility, the claim that …is completely unwarranted.

样本数量攻击 Another problem that seriously weakens the logic of this argument is that the survey cited is based on too small a sample to be reliable. Offered in support of the argument, the only evidence is that…. Unless it can be shown that the sample is typical of all general group, the fact that … is groundless to claim that…

Loaded question和诚实性攻击 What’s more, the methodology of the survey is problematic for two reasons. For one thing, we are not informed whether the survey provided only 3 alternatives. If it did, the respondents, who might very well prefer another choice not provided in the survey, might be forced to give up their preferences. For another thing, we are not informed whether the survey responses were anonymous or confidential. The respondents might supply responses favored by their superiors who might conduct the survey. Both events would lead this survey unreliable, let alone draw the conclusion that…

样本时效性攻击Last but not least, another flaw that significantly undermines this argument is that the author neglects to indicate how recently the survey was actually conducted. When used to generally claim a particular group, the samples should be close enough to support the generalization, in order to prevent historical changes from invalidating the generalization. All we know is that the survey is recently published. The less recent the survey itself, the less reliable the results to demonstrate that…

差异概念攻击To begin with, we must establish the meaning of the vague concept A. If the term were synonymous with B, the evidence cited would strongly support the argument. However, A may be defined in other terms such as C and D. Accordingly, the author has drawn the conclusion too hastily due to the ignorance of other definitions of A.

范围内推攻击 What’s more, the most egregious reasoning error in this argument is that the author uses evidence pertaining to a general group on the basis of a particular B. Even if the reasoning may be sound in general sense, the particular situation in which B is involved may not be representative of the entire general group. It is possible that... If this is the case, the claim that… is ill founded.

不随时变攻击Moreover, the author unfairly assumes that A will remain unchanged over the next decades. However, a mere recent one-year A is insufficient to claim that. Statistics from such limited anecdotal evidence is not a good indicator for this trend. In addition, it is possible that in the future, this trend would greatly fluctuate or even reverse, then the adoption of the author’s proposal might give birth to B, however, it might also have a negative impact on C1 and, in turns, C2. Admittedly, this argument would be even weaker and weaker each day as time goes by.

1. 我用的是山峰大哥的AI 模版，但根据实际经验，对各段稍作调整。

2. 用“各打50大板”方法写AI是最方便的了，因为AI的观点都很绝对，总可以找出不适用的情况。而这种方法，只要观点列清楚了，一样得高分！而我的AI观点总是有保留地赞成作者。

3. 我曾经一直为想不出AI理由而烦恼，后来发现有些反对理由是万能的，比如：作者忽略了其他可以通向success的因素(也就是overlooked那段)；有时候，这种建议很难操作，或成本太高，不可能全面推广（也就是in some occasion, it is difficult那段）。

4. 我写的顺序：先开头、结尾，再中间三段。时间来不及时，宁可各段少写些，但每段列明观点，并保证三段。全文五段是完整的结构。

把题目复述一下 ? To some extent, I agree with the author’s general assertion that if *** (即在作者的观点上，加上一些条件，有保留地赞同). However, the author unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to an irreversible extreme while overlooks other compelling factors that may affect this issue. On balance, my points of agreement and contention with the author involve the fundamental and deep analysis as discussed below.

On the one hand, I would like to admit that this statement, although suffers from some obvious drawbacks, has some merits primarily in some special cases in which the implicit rationale behind it accords with common sense and our experience in daily life. Hence, it is partially indisputable. After all, …..Even if, In other words .

On the other hand, recognizing that a more applicable choice must incorporate different aspects of the issue as sufficient as possible, I have to point out that the author overstates ______’s comparative significance, and fail to take into account other essential factors. In short, this assertion is problematic in two aspects. The first argument —the one that I think the most compelling— is that the author overlooked , that is to say, . The second argument —it might have been noticed by others-- is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to . Accordingly, I tend to concede that when it comes to some certain circumstances it is partially appropriate

（这里找两个理由说明在一些场合下，作者观点还是不成立的，因为不管什么论点，成立还是会有条件的。此段模版字数已经很多，你只要列出不成立的观点即可，言简意赅，因为一般到这个时候，时间也不多了，容不得你写例子了。）

In conclusion, issue of ____________is a complex one, requiring subjective judgment, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers. So different are the personal experiences and emotional concerns among people with diverse culture that thousand individuals might hold thousand opinions. According to me, 把你开头的观点copy/paste上去.

山峰：作文模板（5.5分版本）

昨天刚收到这次考试的作文分数，不是很理想，4.5，由于没有怎么复习作文，所以这个分数也能够接受了。

下面是我两次考试的作文模板，希望给大家的写作有所帮助。

由于很多同学都发信问如何用这个模板，我找了一篇我写的issue，给大家举一个例子，教大家如何用。我的文章写的很一般，就是告诉大家实在没有话可以说的时候，就如我这种菜鸟，如何来编造了。

107. “The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion of the task but contributes to the whole.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

大家注意画横线的是自己要写的话。

which is the most effective way for managers to assign work? （这里针对不同的题目有不同的写法）Frankly, to some extent, I agree with the speaker's general assertion that dividing complex task into simpler component parts could be effective in certain occasions. （写一些同意的原因）However, the speaker unnecessarily extend this broad assertion to an irreversible extreme while overlooks certain compelling factors impacting efficiency. On balance, my points of agreement and contention with the speaker involve the fundamental objective and the nature of work, as discussed below.

On the one hand, it is sagacious to admit that this opinion, although suffer from some obvious drawbacks, nourish some merits primarily because the implicit rationale behind the speaker's assertion according with common sense and our everyday experience as human beings, hence is fundamentally indisputable. After all, some complex work is combined by small portions, one could hardly conduct all the parts of the work without get frustrated; to some extent, even if he or she own this ability to do such a complicate job, it might probably cost he or she lots of times, hence frustrate the employer and lower down the efficiency of the company as well. In other words, work division could galvanize the potential of all the employees. One could effortlessly imagine the scenario, in which one person is working hard at his desk with all the different kinds of books opened, leaving only a blank "word file " since he did not know all the knowledge about this work and could hardly finish it all by himself. The compelling evidence demonstrates beyond any reasonable doubt that on certain occasion, work division is efficient way to get the whole job done swiftly.

（这一段要找一个理由，来说明作者观点如何对，你找不到例子也可以用明言，某某说过等）

On the other hand, recognizing that a more appropriate choice must incorporate aspects of issue as sufficient as possible, I have to point out my contention with the speaker who, while overstating the work division's comparative significance, ignore some paramount factors, at which thoughtless people casually take a fresh look. In short, this assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. The first argument, and the one that I find most compelling is that the speaker overlooked the capability of different employers, that is to say, some elites might just own this ability to finish the work by himself, because he had conducted a similar work and familiar with the process. The further argument I need to render--and it might have been noticed by certain individuals-- is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to divide a work into different parts and finish different parts simultaneously since the work have a time affect. We could turn into the cultivating flowers for an analogy. First, the seeds must be carefully chosen, then they must fall on the good ground, and must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruit are to be on hand when needed. The process of cultivating is indeed complex, yet, it could hardly divided into different parts because the latter could not be done until the former process have be finished successfully.

（这里找一个理由说明在一些场合下，作者观点还是不成立的，不管什么论点，成立还是会有条件的，遇到变态题目，就找一个极端的例子。反正把字数凑上去就可以了）。

Coincidentally, a general investigation has been conducted by the business institute in my university recently, discovering that at least three factors would influence the efficiency of the work and managers always consider all the useful information not only according to the complexity of the work but also the capability of different employees. Thus, my claim is not mere proverbial wisdom but a fact verified by statistics.

（这一段一般是我如果觉得时间够的话就往上搬上去的，呵呵，对于增加字数很有效的。因为都是废话，没有实际的意义。）

In conclusion, this issue is a complex one, requiring subjective judgment. Thus, there are no easy or certain answers. so different are the personal experience, personality type among people with diverse culture that thousand individuals might possesses thousand opinions towards this issue. According to me, a case by case study certainly helps the manager assign different kinds of works.最后一段不变，就总结下可以了。