ISSUE: Recently there is a debate over whether….Different people hold different views because of their distinct background. Some people assert that…, while other peop le believe that….As a matter of fact, the issue of whether…is a complex and con troversial one. Therefore there is not a universal answer, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other depends on specific situation. Actually the fina l judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, I ag ree that, and do not agree that. My view can be greatly substantiated by the foll owing discussions.
In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to develop my pos ition is that…… A good example may be found in the case that…… Under this cir cumstance, it is obvious that….
In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. The reason is not so far to seek…… To illustrate, let us consider that ……Hence another equally important aspect is that……
Admittedly, it may be true that …… , in some conditions. However, this alone d oes not constitute a sufficient support to claim that……Actually, these cases ar e rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view that…. . When the advantages and disadvantages of X and Y are carefully examined, the mo st striking conclusion is obvious that……
To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with ea ch other to generate an integral whole and thus become more convincing than any s ingle one of them, we may be comfortable to say that……, because ……
其他段落： 通过挣钱来实现的目的： Making money is not an end in or of itself, but rather a means of obtaining mate rial goods and services and of attaining other important goals, such as providing securities for oneself and one’s family, lifelong learning, freedom to travel o r the pursuit of hobbies.
挣钱是合理的论述： As we all know, the first thing that any one should do on earth is to sustain th e minimal material required by survivance. Without adequate profit out of investm ent, any individuals or organizations can not obtain the required minimal materia l, and therefore cannot make a living. Furthermore, in the economic and fiercely competitive world, individuals and org anizations cannot be satisfied with what they have already achieved. To survive b etter, they have to strive for further success, for great development, and hence for greater profit.
人的其他动机： Human motivations are far too complex. Many of our daily decision rest on love s ympathy, humanity and other things.
企业与社区的关系： A business enters to an implied contract with the community in which it operates , under which the community permits the business to do business in it while the b usiness implicitly promises to benefit the community rather than do harm to it. In pursuit of profits, a business can indeed benefit the community in which it o perates by ways of providing jobs, low-priced products and economic growth.
ARGUMENT:
总魔板 In this argument, the author concludes that… To support his conclusion, the aut hor points out that…. In addition, the author reasons that… Further more, he al so assumes that … . At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be someho w appealing, while a close examination will reveal how groundless it is. We do no t have to look very far to see the invalidity of this argument. This argument is problematic for the following reasons.
In the first place, this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that …. Howe ver, the assumption is questionable because the author provides no evidence to su pport this argument. The arguer fails to take into account other facts that might contribute to the result that …….. It is likely that , ……………..; it is als o likely that ………………………… Any of these scenarios, if true, would show th at ………………Therefore, this argument in question nee not to be accepted withou t ruling out such possibility.
In the second place, the argument commits a logic fallacy of “after this and th erefore because of this”. In no case can the mere fact that… be cited as eviden ce to support the assumption that there is a causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover, that just because B can be statistically correlated with A does not necessarily mean that A is the cause of B. In fact, the author has obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such as…, or … may contri bute to a certain extent to B. It may be only a coincidence that …… . Unless th e author can rule out other factors relevant to …, this assumption in question c an not be accepted.
In the third place, the evidence that the author provides is insufficient to sup port the conclusion drawn from it. One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless the arguer can show that A1 is representative of all A, the conclusion that B… is completely unwarranted. In fact, in face of such l imited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.
In the fourth place, the argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy. Th e argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects, and the author assumes without justification that all things are equal, and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different l ocations. No evidence is provided to support this assumption. However there are a ll kinds of important differences between ……. and other …making the analogy hi ghly less than valid. For example, A..., however, B....Thus lacking this assumpti on, the conclusion that … is entirely unfounded.
Last but no least, the validity of the survey on which the argument relies is do ubtful in itself. The survey cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted this survey and when and how the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size, or how the sample s are selected. Until these questions are answered the results of this survey are worthless as evidence to support that….
Besides, the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author has never offered any reasons or evidences for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense and observati on tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results.
普通的结尾 In conclusion, the arguer fails to substantiate his claim that …. Because the e vidence cited in the analysis is too weak to lend strong support to what the argu er claims. To strengthen the argument, the arguer must convince us that…. In add ition, the arguer could have to provide more precise information to support his c laim.
建议文章的结尾： In conclusion, it is imprudent for … to … solely on the basis of the evidence presented. Because the evidence cited in the analysis is too weak to lend strong support to what the arguer claims. To make the argument more convincing, the argu er should provide more substantial evidence concerning that…Moreover, I would s uspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation(conclusion) until the arguer could provide all concrete evidence to rule out all the above possibil ities that I analyzed.
调研文章的结尾： In conclusion, the survey on which the argument relies lacks credibility and the refore does not lend strong support to the conclusion that…To strengthen the arg ument, the arguer must convince us that…. Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation(conclusion) until the arguer could pr ovide all concrete evidence to rule out all the above possibilities that I analyz ed.
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