167. Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.翻译？

The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that

(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur

(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors

(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy

(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates D

(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors

题目：

因为雇员都不希望在上级影响中和不好的消息有关（即不想留给上级坏影响），那么公司

基层发生的严重问题在被向上级管理层传达时，就会被逐渐粉饰。因此，公司总裁比基层

员工对基层的问题了解得要少。

条件题

答案：排他法