GMAT 修辭鐵則
1- 絕對要保持S 與 V 的一致. 2- 絕對要保持Pronoun 與 n 的一致. 3- 絕對要保持V時態的一致. 4- 絕對要保持V 主動被動的一致. 5- 絕對要修飾詞放在接近修飾詞對象的附近. 6- 絕對要保持Parallelism (平行表達) 7- 絕對要避免不清楚的修飾關係, 必要時重寫修飾對象. (x) The archaeologist found an evidence there was a violent eruption of volcano, blamed for the destruction of the village =>…….. and event blamed for…… 8- 絕對要避免clause 成為介係詞片語. - because + S + V => because of S + V + V-ing (x) - a finding, a theory….that + S + V => a finding, a theory…. Of S + V-ing (x) 9- 絕對要保持因果關係擁有同一對象. - (x) I felt tired because of studying hard. => I fel tired because I studied hard. - (x) John’s mother woke him so early as to catch the train. => …. So early that he could catch the train. 10- 絕對要避免用 they 代表單數團體如國家, 公司, 機關, 學校, 軍隊… 11- a-)絕對要避免用 it 或 this 來代表一件事情. -(x) I can’t do it (this) => I can’t do so. b-)絕對要避免用 which 來修飾前面的 n 或 clause. -(x) My parent gave me a present, which made me glad => a present that….. 12- a)絕對要避免用 “,” 分隔了獨立clause. -(x) I am tired, he is still vigorous. => I am tired, but he is still vigorous. b)絕對要避免 “;” 漏加上對等連接詞的獨立clause. -(x) I am tired; but he is still vigorous. 13- 絕對要避免發生 be V 的 S 與補語性質的不合理. - (x) John is a book => John has a book. - (x) In psychology the term “psycopath” is some one who…=> In psychology the term “….” Refers to …. 14- 絕對要避免同位語 (或舉例) 或身分與其對象本質上的不合理. - (x) food allergy such as milk => such as to milk. - (x) John has a food allergy, milk. - (x) The Federalist papers, as political science, represent the handiwork of three authors. 15- 絕對要避免比較對象本質上的不合理或文法結構上的不對稱. - (x) Unlike him, my life is full of joy. => Unlike his life. - (x) I gave the same to John as Mary. => as to Mary. - (x) The house’s price is now higher than previous decade. => than in previous decade. 16- 絕對要避免用V-ing 來代替普通名詞. - (x) The increasing in the house’s price. => The increase in….. 17- 絕對不可改寫原意, 如增添或減少均不可以. 18- 絕對不可用抽象名詞代替 V 表達. - (x) I make a comparison => I compare…. - (x) in reference to => refer to - (x) They had a plan with intention to…. => They had a plan with intention to ….=> They had a plan intended to…..
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