1.        
T-3-Q4-Q6 印第安人社区

In the fourteenth
and fifteenth centu-

ries, many Western Pueblo settlements

in what is now the southwestern United

Line        States may have
possessed distinctly

(5)          hierarchical organizational structures.

These communities’ agricultural

systems ―which were “intensive” in

the use of labor rather than “extensive”

in area ―may have given rise to polit-

(10)        ical leadership that managed both

labor and food resources. That for-

mal management of food resources

was needed is suggested by the

large size of storage spaces located

(15)        around some communal Great Kivas

(underground ceremonial chambers).

Though no direct evidence exists that

such spaces were used to store food,

Western Pueblo communities
lacking

(20)        sufficient arable land to support their

populations could have preserved

the necessary extra food, including

imported foodstuffs, in such appar-

ently communal spaces.

(25)               Moreover, evidence of
special-

ization in producing raw materials and

in manufacturing ceramics and textiles

indicates differentiation of labor within

and between communities. The orga-

(30)        nizational and managerial demands

of such specialization strengthen

the possibility that a decision making

elite existed, an elite whose control

over labor, the use of community sur-

(35)        pluses, and the acquisition of imported

goods would have led to a concen-

tration of economic resources in their

own hands. Evidence for differential

distribution of wealth is found in buri-

(40)        als of the period: some include large

quantities of pottery, jewelry, and other

artifacts, whereas others from the

same sites lack any such materials.