Q8:

Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development.  They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it.  That plan is ill-conceived:  if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and developers would outbid any other bidders.  On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable.  But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requires.  And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.

In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?

1. The first presents a goal that the argument rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.

2. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.

3. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.

4. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the argument’s advocacy of a particular strategy.

5. The first presents a goal that the argument endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.

这道bf我认为是选d，答案选了e，说第二个是需要改变的状况，不解．．．我觉得是正是因为这种情形才催生出了第二个策略．高人来指点一下

Q2:

Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions of electronic switches.  Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation.  Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage.  The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.

For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:

1. There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential.

2. Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be.

3. There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation.

4. Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation.

5. Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.

Q2:

Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions of electronic switches.  Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation.  Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage.  The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.

For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:

1. There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential.

2. Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be.

3. There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation.

4. Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation.

5. Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.

8, 我也选了D，请高手分析一下吧