In a 1918 editorial, W.E.B. Du Bois

advised African Americans to stop

agitating for equality and to proclaim

Line their solidarity with White Americans

 (5) for the duration of the First World War.

The editorial surprised many African

Americans who viewed Du Bois as

an uncompromising African American

leader and a chief opponent of the

(10) accommodationist tactics urged by

Booker, T.Washington. In fact,

however, Du Bois often shifted posi-

tions along the continuum between

Washington and confrontationists

(15) such as William Trotter. In 1895,

when Washington called on African

Americans to concentrate on improving

their communities instead of oppos-

ing discrimination and agitating for

(20) political rights, Du Bois praised

Washington’s speech. In 1903,

however, Du Bois aligned himself

with Trotter, Washington’s militant

opponent, less for ideological reasons

(25) than because Trotter had described

to him Washington’s efforts to silence

those in the African American press

who opposed Washington’s positions.

(30) reflected not a change in his long-term

goals but rather a pragmatic response

in the face of social pressure:

government officials had threatened

African American journalists with

(35) censorship if they continued to voice

grievances. Furthermore, Du Bois

believed that African Americans’

contributions to past war efforts had

brought them some legal and political

(40) advances. Du Bois’ accommoda-

tionism did not last, however. Upon

learning of systematic discrimination

experienced by African Americans

in the military, he called on them to

“return fighting” from the war.

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Q 25:

According to the passage, which of the

following is true of the strategy that Du Bois’

1918 editorial urged African Americans to

adopt during the First World War?

A.     It was a strategy that Du Bois had con-

sistently rejected in the past.

B.     It represented a compromise between

Du Bois’ own views and those of Trotter.

C.     It represented a significant redefinition of

the long-term goals Du Bois held prior

to the war.

D.     It was advocated by Du Bois in response

to his recognition of the discrimination

faced by African Americans during

the war.

E.      It was advocated by Du Bois in part

because of his historical knowledge

of gains African Americans had made

during past wars.

Answer:

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26.

The passage is primarily concerned with

A.     identifying historical circumstances that

led Du Bois to alter his long-term goals.

B.     defining “accommodationism” and show-

ing how Du Bois used this strategy to

achieve certain goals

C.     accounting for a particular position

adopted by Du Bois during the First

World War.

D.     contesting the view that Du Bois was sig-

nificantly influenced by either Washington

or Trotter.

E.      assessing the effectiveness of a strategy

that Du Bois urged African Americans to

adopt.

Answer:

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27.

The passage indicates which of the following

about Du Bois’ attitude toward Washington?

A.     It underwent a shift during the First World

War as Du Bois became more sympa-

thetic with Trotter’s views.

B.     It underwent a shift in 1903 for reasons

Other than Du Bois’ disagreement with

Washington’s accommodationist views.

C.     It underwent a shift as Du Bois made a

long-term commitment to the strategy

of accommodation.

D.     It remained consistently positive even

Though Du Bois disagreed with

Washington’s efforts to control the

African American press.

E.      It was shaped primarily by Du Bois’

appreciation of Washington’s pragmatic

approach to the advancement of the

interests of African Americans.

没有太明白文章的意思．．．．

crust cracks like porcelain, Stress

builds up until a fracture forms at a

line depth of a few kilometers and the crust

(5) slips to relieve the stress. Some

   earthquakes, however, take place hun-

   dreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s

   mantle, where high pressure makes

   rock so ductile that it flows instead of

(10) cracking, even under stress severe

    enough to deform it like putty. How can

there be earthquakes at such depths?

    That such deep events do occur

has been accepted only since 1927.

(15) when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati

convincingly demonstrated their exis-

tence. Instead of comparing the arrival

times of seismic waves at different

locations, as earlier researchers had

(20) done, Wadati relied on a time differ-

ence between the arrival of primary(P)

waves and the slower secondary(S)

waves. Because P and S waves

travel at different but fairly constant

(25) speeds, the interval between their

arrivals increases in proportion to the

distance from the earthquake focus,

or initial rupture point.

 For most earthquakes, wadati dis-

(30) covered, the interval was quite short

near the epicenter; the point on the sur-

face where shaking is strongest. For

a few events, however, the delay was

long even at the epicenter. Wadati saw

(35) a similar pattern when he analyzed data

on the intensity of shaking. Most earth-

quakes had a small area of intense

shaking, which weakened rapidly with

increasing distance from the epicenter.

(40) but others were characterized by a

lower peak intensity, felt over a

broader area. Both the P-S intervals

and the intensity patterns suggested

two kinds of earthquakes: the more

(45) common shallow events, in which the

focus lay just under the epicenter, and

deep events, with a focus several

hundred kilometers down.

   The question remained: how can

(50) such quakes occur, given that mantle

rock at a depth of more than 50 kilo-

meters is too ductile to store enough

stress to fracture? Wadati’s work sug-

gested that deep events occur in areas

(55) (now called Wadati-Benioff zones)

where one crustal plate is forced under

another and descends into the mantle.

The descending rock is substantially

cooler than the surrounding mantle and

(60) hence is less ductile and much more

liable to fracture.

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30.

The author’s explanation of how deep events

occur would be most weakened if which of

the following were discovered to be true?

A.     Deep events are far less common than

shallow events.

B.     Deep events occur in places other than

where crustal plates meet.

C.     Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of

several hundred kilometers than it is

  at 50 kilometers.

D.     The speeds of both P and S waves are

slightly greater than previously thought.

E.      Below 650 kilometers earthquakes cease

to occur.

Answer:

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31.

information presented in the passage sug-

gests that, compared with seismic activity

at the epicenter of a shallow event, seismic

activity at the epicenter of a deep event is

characterized by

A.     shorter P-S intervals and higher peak

intensity

B.     shorter P-S intervals and lower peak

intensity

C.     longer P-S intervals and similar peak

intensity

D.     longer P-S intervals and higher peak

intensity

E.      longer P-S intervals and lower peak

intensity.

Answer:

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32.

The passage supports which of the following

Statements about the relationship between the

epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?

(A)  P waves originate at the focus and

S waves originate at the epicenter.

(B)  In deep events the epicenter and the

focus are reversed.

(C)  In shallow events the epicenter and the

focus coincide

(D)  In both deep and shallow events the

Focus lies beneath the epicenter

(E)   The epicenter is in the crust, whereas

the focus is in the mantle.

Answer:

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33.

The passage suggests that which of the

following must take place in order for any

earthquake to occur?

1.Stress must build up.

2.Cool rock must descend

into the mantle.

3.A fracture must occur

(A)  1 only

(B)  2 only

(C)  3 only

(D)  1 and 3 only

(E)   1, 2, and 3

没有明白第二．三段关于深海地震的探测机制，希望能够得到大家的帮助！！