13版OG逻辑部分分析------by 北京新东方GMAT项目组
13th 官方指南上的Critical Reasoning部分和12th 官方指南对应部分相比较而言，总体难度保持一致，但是文章给出的信息有变多、变复杂的趋势，文章的主要结论获取难度也有所增加。但没有新题型出现。其中13th 中替换了原来的25道旧题，新题号分别是： 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 19, 22, 29, 33, 39, 49, 59, 65, 69,74, 81, 86, 94, 100, 106, 114, 124
削弱题: 8, 100
假设题: 106
评价题: 114, 124
加强题: 1, 11, 19, 29
削弱题: 8, 100
假设题: 106
评价题: 114, 124
加强题: 1, 11, 19, 29
解释题: 3, 6, 9, 17, 22, 49, 86, 94
填空题: 12, 33, 39, 59, 65, 69, 74, 81
结合近期几次考试的经验，我们发现：
1，削弱题部分增加了Flaw题的考查，需要我们对文章的论证过程理解更加深刻，提炼更加精确，某种程度上增加了一定的难度。
2，假设题部分做题思路并没有改变，依然采用寻找否定句的方式进行。
3，评价题和加强题部分变化也不明显，需要认真考查文章的架构和选项的作用
4，考试中遇到更多解释题和填空题的可能性在变大，但填空题的文章结构变化不大，Argument和Fact set这两种文章结构各占一半左右，对于Argument文章来说填空题一般都是寻找加强项或者假设项，而Fact set文章一般都是寻找解释项，当成解释题来做。这两种题都属于CR中相对较容易的题。
[新题解析]
Snowmaking machines work by spraying a mistthat freezes immediately on contact with cold air. Because the sudden freezingkills bacteria, QuickFreeze is planning to market a wastewater purificationsystem that works on the same principle. The process works only whentemperature are cold, however, so municipalities using it will need to maintaina conventional system.
Which of the following, if true, provides thestrongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’spurification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purificationsystem as well?
A. Bacteriaare not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
B. Manymunicipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to bereplaced
C. Conventionalwastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killingbacteria at cold temperatures.
D. Duringtimes of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification systemrequires relatively little maintenance.
E. Placeswhere the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly usedin elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions insome children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportionof schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to thosechemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore,either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of thechemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were tenyears ago.
Which of the following is an assumption onwhich the argument depends?
(A)The number ofschool nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
(B)Children whoare allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to haveallergies to other substances.
(C)Children whohave allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to aschool nurse now than they were ten years ago.
(D)The chemicalsare not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartmentbuildings in Renston.
(E)Childrenattending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’spopulation now than they did ten years ago.
解析回复
Snowmaking machines work by spraying a mist that freezes immediately on contact with cold air. Because the sudden freezing kills bacteria, QuickFreeze is planning to market a wastewater purification system that works on the same principle. The process works only when temperature are cold, however, so municipalities using it will need to maintain a conventional system.
造雪机通过喷撒一层接触到冷空气后立即凝固的薄雾来运作，这种突然的水汽凝固可以杀灭细菌。QF 公司计划销售一种基于这种原理的废水净化系统 。但是由于这种灭菌过程只能在低温下运作，所以运用这种系统的市政机关还是需要维持传统的净化系统。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’s purification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purification system as well?
下列哪一项为真时能为这一预计提供最强的支持：尽管市政机关也需要维持传统的净化系统，但它们还是会购买QF公司生产的净化系统？
A. Bacteria are not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
细菌不是唯一需要从废水中去除的污物。
B. Many municipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to be replaced
很多市政原有的旧废水净化系统需要更新。
C. Conventional wastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killing bacteria at cold temperatures.
传统的废水净化系统在低温下并不能完全成功地杀灭细菌。
D. During times of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification system requires relatively little maintenance.
天气暖和，QF废水净化系统不使用的时候几乎不需要保养维护。
E. Places where the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
有寒冬的地方几乎没有水源稀缺问题。
解析：
A. 选项的内容在原文中没有提到，没有说明 QF公司的废水净化系统除了杀灭细菌之外的作用。同时可能暗示，如果不能去除其他污物，净化效果可能欠佳，影响购买需求。反而起到削弱的效果，降低市政机关购买此净化系统的可能性。
B. 选项没有直接说明购买QF公司的废水净化系统原因，市政机关也可以买其他的系统来替代。
C. 选项特别说明了购买QF公司的废水净化系统的原因，因为它在低温下也能有效运作，提高了市政机关购买这一系统的可能性。
D. 选项中内容降低了维护成本，使市政更有可能购买这一系统。但是没有说明在低温下工作时的维护成本。
E. 选项的内容跟文章讨论的问题无关。
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.
暴露在某种化学物质，这种化学物质是通常被小学使用作为清洁剂或杀虫剂的，暴露在这种化学物质中会导致过敏反应在一些小孩子身上。Renston的小学护理员报道说：送到他们那里治疗这种化学物质过敏反应的学校孩子的比例已经增长得非常明显在过去的十年当中。因此，要么就是Renston的学校孩子已经比起十年前的学校孩子被暴露在了更大量的化学物质之中，要么就是他们这些孩子比起十年前的孩子更加对这种化学物质敏感。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设？
(A)The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。
(B)Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能，比起其他的孩子，没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。
(C)Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。
(D)The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.
这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。
(E)Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.
上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中，现在比起十年前。
解析：
文章中Therefore之前为文章的premise，Therefore之后为文章的main conclusion。从问题中得知本题为假设题目，而假设题目的解题方法为取非削弱。下面进行每一个选项的分析。
将A选项取非后为“Renston小学中护理员的数量在过去十年当中下降了”，这与文章的main conclusion之间没有直接的因果作用，可以作为无关项予以排除。因此排除。
将B选项取非后为“对这种化学物质过敏的孩子更可能比别的孩子对于其他物质过敏”，首先，此选项中的比较对象与文章中发生变化；其次，文章中只讨论对于“这种化学物质”的过敏，而不讨论对于“其他物质”的过敏。因此排除。
将C选项取非后为“对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子比起十年前更加有可能被送到学校护理员那里”，这样一来，也就不能说明学校孩子被暴露在更大量的化学物质当中，也不可能说明孩子们比起十年前更加对这种化学物质过敏。削弱文章的论证过程以及文章的main conclusion，因此为正确答案。
将D选项取非后为“这种化学物质更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在Renston的房子和公寓建筑当中”，文章中讨论的地点范围是“小学”，而非“房子和公寓建筑”；其次，取非后对文章的main conclusion反而有支持的作用。因此排除。
将E选项取非后为“现在上小学的孩子比起十年前在Renston人口占了更大的比例”，对于文章而言属于无关选项。
造雪机通过喷撒一层接触到冷空气后立即凝固的薄雾来运作，这种突然的水汽凝固可以杀灭细菌。QF 公司计划销售一种基于这种原理的废水净化系统 。但是由于这种灭菌过程只能在低温下运作，所以运用这种系统的市政机关还是需要维持传统的净化系统。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’s purification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purification system as well?
下列哪一项为真时能为这一预计提供最强的支持：尽管市政机关也需要维持传统的净化系统，但它们还是会购买QF公司生产的净化系统？
A. Bacteria are not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
细菌不是唯一需要从废水中去除的污物。
B. Many municipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to be replaced
很多市政原有的旧废水净化系统需要更新。
C. Conventional wastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killing bacteria at cold temperatures.
传统的废水净化系统在低温下并不能完全成功地杀灭细菌。
D. During times of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification system requires relatively little maintenance.
天气暖和，QF废水净化系统不使用的时候几乎不需要保养维护。
E. Places where the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
有寒冬的地方几乎没有水源稀缺问题。
解析：
A. 选项的内容在原文中没有提到，没有说明 QF公司的废水净化系统除了杀灭细菌之外的作用。同时可能暗示，如果不能去除其他污物，净化效果可能欠佳，影响购买需求。反而起到削弱的效果，降低市政机关购买此净化系统的可能性。
B. 选项没有直接说明购买QF公司的废水净化系统原因，市政机关也可以买其他的系统来替代。
C. 选项特别说明了购买QF公司的废水净化系统的原因，因为它在低温下也能有效运作，提高了市政机关购买这一系统的可能性。
D. 选项中内容降低了维护成本，使市政更有可能购买这一系统。但是没有说明在低温下工作时的维护成本。
E. 选项的内容跟文章讨论的问题无关。
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.
暴露在某种化学物质，这种化学物质是通常被小学使用作为清洁剂或杀虫剂的，暴露在这种化学物质中会导致过敏反应在一些小孩子身上。Renston的小学护理员报道说：送到他们那里治疗这种化学物质过敏反应的学校孩子的比例已经增长得非常明显在过去的十年当中。因此，要么就是Renston的学校孩子已经比起十年前的学校孩子被暴露在了更大量的化学物质之中，要么就是他们这些孩子比起十年前的孩子更加对这种化学物质敏感。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设？
(A)The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。
(B)Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能，比起其他的孩子，没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。
(C)Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.
对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。
(D)The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.
这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。
(E)Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.
上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中，现在比起十年前。
解析：
文章中Therefore之前为文章的premise，Therefore之后为文章的main conclusion。从问题中得知本题为假设题目，而假设题目的解题方法为取非削弱。下面进行每一个选项的分析。
将A选项取非后为“Renston小学中护理员的数量在过去十年当中下降了”，这与文章的main conclusion之间没有直接的因果作用，可以作为无关项予以排除。因此排除。
将B选项取非后为“对这种化学物质过敏的孩子更可能比别的孩子对于其他物质过敏”，首先，此选项中的比较对象与文章中发生变化；其次，文章中只讨论对于“这种化学物质”的过敏，而不讨论对于“其他物质”的过敏。因此排除。
将C选项取非后为“对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子比起十年前更加有可能被送到学校护理员那里”，这样一来，也就不能说明学校孩子被暴露在更大量的化学物质当中，也不可能说明孩子们比起十年前更加对这种化学物质过敏。削弱文章的论证过程以及文章的main conclusion，因此为正确答案。
将D选项取非后为“这种化学物质更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在Renston的房子和公寓建筑当中”，文章中讨论的地点范围是“小学”，而非“房子和公寓建筑”；其次，取非后对文章的main conclusion反而有支持的作用。因此排除。
将E选项取非后为“现在上小学的孩子比起十年前在Renston人口占了更大的比例”，对于文章而言属于无关选项。
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