a question abt this. why I is correct?
2. The author makes which of the following points about innate mechanisms for heat production? I. They are governed by thermoreceptors inside the body of the organism rather than at the surface. II. They are a less effective means of compensating for gross changes in temperature than behavioral strategies. III. They are not affected by microwave radiation. (A) I only (B) I and II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only(B) 关于I为什么对,我今天想了半天,可能是这样,是结合了文章中好几个地方推出来的,其实OG里解释经常是这样的。请继续讨论。 第一:Behavior is one of two general responses available to endothermic (endothermic: adj.吸热(性)的,[动]温血的) (warm-blooded) species for the regulation of body temperature, the other being innate (reflexive) mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. Human beings rely primarily on the first to provide a hospitable thermal microclimate (microclimate: n.[气]小气候(指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候)) for themselves, in which the transfer of heat between the body and the environment is accomplished with minimal involvement of innate mechanisms of heat production and loss. 从这里我们得出Behavior和Innate不同。 第二:This theory ignores the fact that the stimulus to a behavioral response is normally a temperature change that occurs at the surface of the organism. The thermoreceptors that prompt behavioral changes are located within the first millimeter of the skin’s surface, but the energy of a microwave field (microwave field: 超高频场, 微波场) may be selectively deposited in deep tissues, effecti 从这里我们得出Behavior的thermoreceptors 再皮肤表面,结合一的结论,就是Innate are governed by thermoreceptors ….. rather than at the surface. 至于They are governed by thermoreceptors inside the body of the organism 是那里说的哪? 我觉得第一段并不是是引出一个现象,而是介绍一个生理关于热循环的机理。 Behavior is one of two general responses available to endothermic (endothermic: adj.吸热(性)的,[动]温血的) (warm-blooded) species for the regulation of body temperature, the other being innate (reflexive) mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. Human beings rely primarily on the first to provide a hospitable thermal microclimate (microclimate: n.[气]小气候(指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候)) for themselves, in which the transfer of heat between the body and the environment is accomplished with minimal involvement of innate mechanisms of heat production and loss. Thermoregulatory (thermoregulatory: adj.体温调节的,保持(一定)体温的) behavior anticipates hyperthermia, and the organism adjusts its behavior to avoid becoming hyperthermic: it removes layers of clothing, it goes for a cool swim, etc. The organism can also respond to changes in the temperature of the body core, as is the case during exercise; but such responses result from the direct stimulation of thermoreceptors distributed widely within the central nervous system (central nervous system: n. 中枢神经系统), and the ability of these mechanisms to help the organism adjust to gross changes in its environment is limited. 提出作用机理: ----
用两个方法来调节体温: ------但是作用是有限的—the ability is limited in gross environment
1.behavior---------------àprimarily in microclimate
2.innate mechanisms--àminimal involvement
(=è隐含一个问题: 为什么innate 比behavior少用哪? 因为Thermoregulatory (thermoregulatory: adj.体温调节的,保持(一定)体温的) behavior anticipates hyperthermia…etc(说behavior是怎么干的), The organism can also respond to changes …..(这个organism的响应是什么哪?就是innate mechanisms, 但是是limited.)
在来说说这篇文章的结构:
第一段:人体和动物的热力学作用机理,为后面的分析做技术准备。
第二段:用归缪法说明微波不同于其他波。
第三段:老的强度作用机理不对的,其实1 mW/cm2 can be thermogenic。 把这三段看做一个逻辑题:是做什么用的哪? 作者(这小子真是个孙子,有几个地方思维跳跃很大!,不过全文的论证方式还是比较清楚的。)是在反驳一个说微波和其他热辐射没有什么差别,即使有由于强度小也没有关系的论点,而这个作者要反驳的论点的基础就是Until recently it was assumed…和Until a few years ago….。 能想到这里时,几个问题就特别清楚了。 . 1. The author is primarily concerned with (A) showing that behavior is a more effective way of controlling bodily temperature than innate mechanisms (B) criticizing researchers who will not discard their theories about the effects of microwave radiation on organisms (C) demonstrating that effects of microwave radiation are different from those of other forms of radiation (D) analyzing the mechanism by which an organism maintains its bodily temperature in a changing thermal environment(C)
(E) discussing the importance of thermoreceptors in the control of the internal temperature of an organism 为什么concern 哪? 因为effects of microwave radiation are different from those of other forms of radiation 是作者整个驳论的基础,如果这个不成立,第3段就没有论证意义。 3. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to take up (take up: 继续) in the paragraph following the final paragraph of the selection? (A) A suggestion for new research to be done on the effects of microwaves on animals and human beings (B) An analysis of the differences between microwave radiation (C) A proposal that the use of microwave radiation be prohibited because it is dangerous (D) A survey of the literature on the effects of microwave radiation on human beings(A)
(E) A discussion of the strategies used by various species to control hyperthermia |