老卖年糕

11. Wood smoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because wood smoke presents such a high health risk,[url=] legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?

(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in wood smoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of[url=] automobile exhaust.[/url][c2]

(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking [url=]is done with oil or natural gas[/url][c3] .

[url=](C) [/url][c4] Smoke produced by coal-burning stoves is significantly more toxic than smoke from wood burning Stoves.

(D)[url=] No significant beneficial effect[/url][c5] on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.

[url=](E)[/url][c6] In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality. E

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]无关

[c3]割断因果，weaken

[c4]两个都是stove，Little effect

[c5]Weaken

[c6]Support the reasoning

老卖年糕

∆，[url=]13.[/url][c1] In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back one million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in

experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.

Which of the following, if true,[url=] would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim[/url][c2] that [url=]the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids[/url][c3] ?

(A) The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by[url=] the present-day[/url][c4] inhabitants of

Swartkans.

(B) Forest fires can heat wood to [url=]a range of temperatures[/url][c5] that occur in campfires.

(C) The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of[url=] several animals[/url][c6] .

[url=](D) [/url][c7] Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500,000 years ago.

[url=](E) [/url][c8] The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools known to have been used by early hominids. E

---

[c1]具体性 推理链：考古发现CB
来自于多种动物，分析发现他们曾被heated，温度不高于燃烧某种树产生的温度    结论

[c2]少见的问法

[c3]结论在问题中

[c4]无关

[c5]Weaken

[c6]无关

[c7]Weaken

[c8]Og：this information links Early homicide to these bone，所以strengthen the argument

老卖年糕

21. Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, researchers have concluded that [url=]the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.

(B) Young male bowerbirds are inept at bower building and apparently spend years [url=]watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.[/url][c3] B

[url=](C)[/url][c4] The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.

(D) Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently[url=] seldom have contac[/url][c5] t with one another.

(E) It is well known that the[url=] song dialects [/url][c6] of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.

---

[c1]因果型结论

[c2]没有support

[c3]显示因果的资料是正确的

[c4]无关

[c5]无关

[c6]无关

老卖年糕

X25. Many breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin supplements. Some of these cereals provide 100 percent of the recommended daily requirement of vitamins. Nevertheless,[url=] a well-balanced breakfast, including a variety of foods, is a better source of those vitamins than are such fortified breakfast cereals alone.[/url][c1]

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the position above?

[url=](A)[/url][c2] In many foods, the natural combination of vitamins with other nutrients makes those

vitamins more usable by the body than are vitamins added in vitamin supplements. A

(B) People who regularly eat cereals fortified with vitamin supplements[url=] sometimes neglect[/url][c3] to eat the foods in which the vitamins occur naturally.

[url=](C)[/url][c4] Foods often must be fortified with vitamin supplements because naturally occurring

vitamins are removed during processing.

(D) Unprocessed cereals are naturally high in several of the vitamins that are usually [url=]added to fortified breakfast cereals.[/url][c5]

(E) Cereals containing vitamin supplements are [url=]no harder to [/url][c6] digest than similar cereals without added vitamins.

---

[c1]结论，前提和结论关系不大

[c2]直接support结论，自然结合多种维生素的比人工添加的好

[c3]没有support

[c4]Weaken

[c5]没有support

[c6]没有support