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MBA全国联考英语之MBA专业术语四

D
  deadweight loss 无谓损失
  The reduction in total surplus that results from a tax
  demand curve 需求曲线
  a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded
  demand deposits 活期存款
  Balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a check
  demand schedule 需求表
  a table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded
  depreciation 贬值
  a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy
  depression 萧条
  a severe recession
  diminishing marginal product 边际产量递减
  The property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
  The property that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
  diminishing returns 收益递减
  The property that the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
  discount rate 贴现率
  The interest rate on the loans that the Fed makes to banks
  discouraged workers 丧失信心的工人
  Individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job
  discrimination 歧视
  The offering of different opportunities to similar individuals who differ only by race, ethnic group, sex, age, or other personal characteristics
  diseconomies of scale 规模不经济
  The property that long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases
  dominant strategy 优势战略
  a strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players
  debt 债务
  capital, such as bonds and bank loans, supplied to a firm by lenders; the firm promises to repay the amount borrowed with interest
  decentralization 分权化
  organizational structure in which many individuals or subunits can make decisions
  decision tree 决策树
  a device for structured decision making that spells out the choices and possible consequences of alternative actions
  deficit spending 赤字支出
  The situation that exists when government expenditures are greater than revenues
  deflation 通货紧缩
  a persistent decrease in the general level of prices
  demand-constrained equilibrium 受需求约束的平衡
  The equilibrium that occurs when prices are stuck at a level above that at which aggregate demand equals aggregate supply at the current price level
  demand-pull inflation 需求拉动型通货膨胀
  inflation whose initial cause is aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply at the current price level
  demographic effects 人口效应
  effects that arise from changes in characteristics of www.mba9.cn the population such as age, birthrates, and location
  deregulation 放松管制
  The lifting of government regulations to allow the market to function more freely
  devaluation 贬值
  a reduction in the rate of exchange between one currency and other currencies under a fixed exchange rate system
  developed countries 发达国家或工业化国家
  The wealthiest nations in the world, including Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand
  diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减
  The principle that says that as an individual consumes more and more of a good, each successive unit increases her utility, or enjoyment, less and less
  dividends 股息
  That portion of corporate profits paid out to shareholders
  downward rigidity of wages 工资下降刚性
  The situation that exists when wages do not fall quickly in response to a shift in the demand or supply curve for labor, resulting in an excess supply of labor
  dual economy 二元经济
  The separation in many LDCs between an impoverished rural sector and an urban sector that has higher wages and more advanced www.mba9.cn technology
  duopoly 双头垄断
  an industry with only two firms
  durable goods 耐用品
  goods that provide a service over a number of years, such as cars, major appliances, and furniture
  dynamic consistency 动态一致性
  a policy is said to have dynamic consistency when government announces a course of action and then has the incentives to actually carry out that policy
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