| (30) The maternal strategy evolved by
harbor seals may have to do with their
small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor
seals are small compared with other phocids
(35) species such as grey seals, all of which
are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of
these species use respectively 84 percent,
58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat
(40) stores during lactation. By comparison,
harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat
stores in just the first 19 days of lactation,
even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion
(45) of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smaller
than many other phocids, harbor seals are
(50) similar in size to most otariids. In addition,
there is already some evidence suggesting
that the ringed seal, a phocids species that
is similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.
The author of the passage mentions ringed seals most probably in order to
The author of the passage mentions ringed seals most probably in order to
A. provide an example of a phocid species that fasts throughout its entire lactation period B. provide an example of a phocid species whose maternal strategy is typical of phocid species C. provide an example of a phocid species that may deplete an even higher proportion of its fat stores during lactation than harbor seals do D. support the assertion that harbor seals are smaller than many other phocids E. support the assertion that harbor seals’ maternal strategy may be related to their small size 道理同上个例子一样：
注意：In order to 不可能举出一个东东来说明另外一个example. 它的最终目的，肯定在于说明一个观点（中心）
2. 需要回到原文定位的内容。
2. 需要回到原文定位的内容。
Most volcanoes occur at plate
boundaries. However, certain “mis-
placed” volcanoes far from plate
(25)
edges result from a second, indepen-
dent mechanism that cools the deep interior of Earth. Because of its prox-
imity to Earth’s core, the rock at the
base of the mantle is much hotter than (30)
rock in the upper mantle. The hotter the
mantle rock is, the less it resists flow- ing. Reservoirs of this hot rock collect
in the base of the mantle. When a
reservoir is sufficiently large, a sphere
(35) of this hot rock forces its way up
through the upper mantle to Earth’s surface, creating a broad bulge in the topography. The “mantle plume” thus
formed, once established, continues to
(40)
channel hot material from the mantle
base until the reservoir is emptied. The surface mark of an established
plume is a hot spot—an isolated
region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain
(45)
located far from the edge of a surface plate. Because the source of a hot
spot remains fixed while a surface
plate moves over it, over a long period
of time an active plume creates a chain
(50)
of volcanoes or volcanic islands, a
track marking the position of the plume relative to the moving plate. The natural
history of the Hawaiian island chain
clearly shows the movement of the
Pacific plate over a fixed plume.
It can be inferred from the passage that a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume would most likely be characterized by A. a curved outline B. constituent volcanoes that differ from each other in age C. occurrence near a plate boundary where one plate bends under another D. appearance near many other volcanic chains
E. rocks with a wide range of chemical composition 本题是为数不多的定位题。当我们发现题目的内容是一个很细节的东西，原文的中信根本没有提到时。这是明确告诉我们需要回到具体位置来找答案，一般这样题目有几种：逻辑，infer, about, 说明另外的内容
等等。
先看这一题目，题目说a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume
最可能是什么特性，只是一个答案肯定和在原文中的的相关一句话有关的题目。我们看原文的这一句话：Because the source of a hot
先看这一题目，题目说a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume
最可能是什么特性，只是一个答案肯定和在原文中的的相关一句话有关的题目。我们看原文的这一句话：Because the source of a hot
spot remains fixed while a surface plate moves over it, over a long period of time an active plume creates a chain of volcanoes or volcanic islands, a track marking the position of the plume
relative to the moving plate.
因为热点固定，而一个板块在热点上面移动，经过一段长的时间创造出a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume。原文特意强调了经过一段时间
而创造出 a chain…..那么答案可定是和时间有关的。 3. 主题题型
3. 主题题型
In American Genesis, which covers
the century of technological innovation
in the United States beginning in 1876,
Thomas Hughes assigns special promi-
nence to Thomas Edison as archetype of the independent nineteenth-century inventor. However,
Hughes virtually ignores Edison’s famous contem- porary and notorious adversary in the field of electric light and power, George Westinghouse. This com-
parative neglect of Westinghouse is
consistent with other recent historians’
works, although it marks an intriguing
departure from the prevailing view
during the inventors’ lifetimes (and for decades afterward) of Edison and Westinghouse as the two “pioneer innovators ” of the electrical industry.
My recent reevaluation of Westing-
house, facilitated by materials found
in railroad archives, suggests that
while Westinghouse and Edison shared
important traits as inventors, they differed markedly in their approach to the business aspects of innovation.
For Edison as an inventor, novelty
was always paramount: the overriding
goal of the business of innovation was
simply to generate funding for new inventions. Edison therefore undertook
just enough sales, product development,
and manufacturing to accomplish this.
Westinghouse, however, shared the
attitudes of the railroads and other
industries for whom he developed
innovations: product development
standardization, system and order were top priorities. Westinghouse
thus better exemplifies the systematic
approach to technological development
that would become a hallmark of modern
corporate research and development. The primary purpose of the passage is to
The primary purpose of the passage is to A. reevaluate a controversial theory B. identify the flaws in a study C. propose a new method of historical research D. compare two contrasting analyses E. provide a fresh perspective 做主题题型的时候，我们有一个思维误区，大多数人觉得答案应该是和原文最贴近的，但是这样往往会跳进GMAC 的准答案误区。和原文貌似一致的往往是错误的。真正的答案应该是最有概括性的，而不是具体的。举个例子，如果作为一个经理和很多人包括技术专家讨论问题，去讨论具体细节问题不是经理的专长，但是决定方向的恰恰是你作为经理要做的事情，你要做的不是说如一个水管应该用什么工艺会有更多的好的技术指标，而是专家说的有没有道理，大方向是不是对头，这才是职业经理的事情，也是GMAT要
我们的事情
做主题题型的时候，我们有一个思维误区，大多数人觉得答案应该是和原文最贴近的，但是这样往往会跳进GMAC 的准答案误区。和原文貌似一致的往往是错误的。真正的答案应该是最有概括性的，而不是具体的。举个例子，如果作为一个经理和很多人包括技术专家讨论问题，去讨论具体细节问题不是经理的专长，但是决定方向的恰恰是你作为经理要做的事情，你要做的不是说如一个水管应该用什么工艺会有更多的好的技术指标，而是专家说的有没有道理，大方向是不是对头，这才是职业经理的事情，也是GMAT要
我们的事情
分析这一题目， 1P。
H 给了Edison 特别的地位，但是H 实际上忽略了Edison 在电灯和能源方面的对手GW
分析这一题目， 1P。
H 给了Edison 特别的地位，但是H 实际上忽略了Edison 在电灯和能源方面的对手GW 2P. 最近的评估表明GW和Edison 作为发明家是差不多，但是它们对于革新的商业方式是明显不一样的
我们看到只有选项E说的最概括，其实这一个选项好像放在任何像似的文章都通用，比如两个专家在吵架，你说任何一个提出一个‘新的观点’，作为经理你都可以站的住脚，至于这个观点对错不管我经理的事。GMAT考得就是这种思维。
我们看到只有选项E说的最概括，其实这一个选项好像放在任何像似的文章都通用，比如两个专家在吵架，你说任何一个提出一个‘新的观点’，作为经理你都可以站的住脚，至于这个观点对错不管我经理的事。GMAT考得就是这种思维。
看其他选项 A，
什么叫evaluate? 我们说评估其实是对一个事情，一个人不同的方面进行探讨，最后给出一个总的结论。比如经理对一个人员工不同的表现打分（一个人再差，总也用值得肯定的地方吧，所以至少要两个方面），最后总的一个概括。GMAT的 evaluate 作为正确答案的选项全是这个模式。
其次，文章也没有一个‘controversial theory’
看其他选项 A，
什么叫evaluate? 我们说评估其实是对一个事情，一个人不同的方面进行探讨，最后给出一个总的结论。比如经理对一个人员工不同的表现打分（一个人再差，总也用值得肯定的地方吧，所以至少要两个方面），最后总的一个概括。GMAT的 evaluate 作为正确答案的选项全是这个模式。
其次，文章也没有一个‘controversial theory’
B， Flaw 是什么？ 文章并没有什么Flaw, 其次，作为经理应该尽量避免这样的极端词。
C, D 不再评论。
C, D 不再评论。
当然这些例子相对比较典型，我们在实际做题过程中会遇到不同的变异的题目，所以肯定感觉这个方式用来有难度的。需要我们对这种题材的文章的思路，对它们的写作手法有更多的了解，才能真正掌握，否则的话，大多数同学仍然还是找不到解题的思路。
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