[求助] [问题] 几道逻辑考古题?

fernandochang

都是老题! 也都不懂! 请帮忙! 谢谢!

LUXIN CRITICAL REASONING LOOSE-LEAFING

18.Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease. Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-forth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population. Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.

Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?

(A)The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause in significant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.
(B)The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.
(C)In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.
(D)Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.
(E)The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.

19.In this day and age, the Constitution is a fallible and incomplete guide to national policymaking. Instead of 3 branches of government---legislative, executive, and judicial---each with its clearly defined sphere of competence and activity, as the Constitution prescribes, there may be five branches of government dealing with any particular subject matter, or seven, or twenty, or only one, with legislative, executive, and judicial roles mixed and distributed throughout the national government.

The persuasiveness of the claim made above is most weakened by its vague use of the phrase.

(A)this day and age
(B)fallible and incomplete
(C)guide to national policymaking
(D)branches of government
(E)mixed and distributed
A)

20.Every discovery in modern physics has been stated in terms of sophisticated mathematical concepts. But such concepts are simply devices created by the human mind to manipulate experience; they cannot duplicate reality. Thus, modern physics is merely an ingenious set of fictions, and as such it cannot provide an insight into the way the world works.

Which of the following is the strongest argument against the position taken in the passage above?

(A)There is no reason to state that the human mind should not attempt to manipulate experience.
(B)There is no reason to state that fictions cannot provide in sight into reality.
(C)The same dependence on mathematics is found in biochemistry as in physics.
(D)Ancient physics did not employ sophisticated mathematics.
(E)Mathematics is not supposed to duplicate reality but should be pursued for its own sake.
A):B

21.The greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial life is on a planet beyond our solar system. The Milky Way galaxy alone contains 100 billion other suns, many of which could be accompanied by planets similar enough to Earth to make them suitable abodes of life.

The statement above assumes which of the following?

(A)Living creatures on another planet would probably have the same appearance as those on Earth.
(B)Life cannot exist on other planets in our solar system.
(C)If the appropriate physical conditions exist, life is an inevitable consequence.
(D)More than one of the suns in the galaxy is accompanied by an Earth-like planet.
(E)It is likely that life on another planet would require conditions similar to those on Earth.
A):E

22.Dormitories range from 2 to 6 stories in height. If a dormitory room is above the 2nd floor, it has a fire escape.

If the statement above are true, which of the following must also be true?

(A)2nd floor dormitory rooms do not have fire escapes.
(B)3rd floor dormitory rooms do not have fire escapes.
(C)Only dormitory rooms above the 2nd floor have fire escapes.
(D)4th dormitory rooms have fire escapes.
(E)Some 2-story dormitories do not have fire escapes.
A)

23.Nursing homes range from 3 to 5 stories in height. If a nursing-home room is above 1st floor, it has a fire escape.

If the statement above are true, which of the following must also be true?

(A)1st floor rooms in nursing homes do not have fire escapes.
(B)Fire escapes are allowed but not required for 1st floor rooms in nursing homes.
(C)Some nursing homes have no fire escapes.
(D)Not all nursing homes have proper fire escapes.
(E)2nd rooms in nursing homes have fire escapes.
A):E

24.Although historical research and anthropological research often complement one another, the two disciplines retain important distinctions because of the fundamental questions that each poses. Historians are ultimately interested in why change occurred, whereas anthropologists are concerned with the meaning of actions and systems.

Which of the following is implied in the passage above?
(A)The meaning of actions and systems do not fully explain why change occurred.
(B)The distinctions between life and art are diminishing.
(C)Actions and systems are not usually subject to historical change.
(D)Anthropological research is not concerned with change.
(E)The questions posed by the two disciplines share certain assumptions about human behavior.
A):A


32. Recently a number of writers have proposed that our ancestors were influenced by visits from extraterrestrials and that these visitors were the builders of such monuments as the pyramids of Egypt.

Which of the following statement, if true, would constitute the strongest evidence in support of the proposal described above?

(A)The level of technology achieved by our ancestors who designed and built the monuments in question was actually much higher than it was formerly believed to be.
(B)Monuments such as the pyramids of Egypt are very often positioned so that their prominent design features point to heavenly bodies.
(C)Stories about being from heaven appear in the mythologies of cultures that could have had no interchange with one another.
(D)Modern builders cannot conceive of a way to duplicate the monuments without resorting to the most recent technological innovations.
(E)Any extraterrestrial civilization advanced enough to have interplanetary space travel during the time of our ancestors could easily find means of communicating with them.
A)

33.Nineteenth-century art critics judged art by the realism of its method of representation. It was assumed that the realistic method developed from primitive beginnings to the perfection of formal realism. It is one of the permanent gains of the aesthetic revolution of the twentieth century that we are rid of this type of aesthetics.

It can be inferred from the passage above that the artistic revolution of the twentieth century had which of the following effects?

(A)It deemphasized realistic representation as an evaluative consideration for judging works of art.
(B)It permitted modern critics to appreciate the simplicity of primitive art.
(C)It repudiated the realistic representation found in the art of the past.
(D)It reinforced traditional ways of looking at and judging great art.
(E)It allowed art critics to understand the evolution and nature of art.
A):A

StephanieYun

to fernandochang:

where are your logic questions come from? some of these are not the ones that I have seen in Yellow books.

As to the first ques, I suspect you have typed wrong the arguement, would you pls check it out ? The answer to this question , I think, is A.

19 qu, the key to this question is that why the arguement makes the conclusion that the Constitution is a fallible and incomplete guide to national policymaking. To draw this , the arguement argues that Instead of 3 branches of government---legislative, executive, and judicial---, there may be many possibilities of constructions of  branches of government dealing with any particular subject matter, like 5,7,20,1.  But the arguement is accompanied by a vague use of a phrase" branches of governments " , because one meaning of the phrase is described in the Constitution,  and the second meaning of the same phrase is put forward by the author himself .

20 ques, if the fiction is able to provide insight into the reality , the conclusion is certainly be weakened. The other answer choices couldn't influence the conclusion oppositive.

21 ques, ask for assumption. Why the greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial life is on a planet beyond our solar system ? Could any extraterrestrial life live on a planet unlike our solar system ? if this possibility sounds, how it is the greatest chance that the extraterrestrial life would live on a planet like ours?  Clearly, the assumption would be the one that asserts that the extraterrestrial life would  require similar envirnment conditions like those of our solar system and the Earth we are living on.

22 and 23 is the same question, I explain 22 and you could think 23 over by yourself . The argument tells that if  the dormitory room is above 2 story, it would have a fire escape .
           (A)2nd floor dormitory rooms do not have fire escapes.
               the argument only tells that if the room is above 2, it would have a fire escape.but doesn't tells that if the room is on 2 , it would haven't any fire escape. Thus  it couldn't be certainly for us to conclude that A must be true.
           
           (B)3rd floor dormitory rooms do not have fire escapes.
               B is definitively wrong . Could you see?

           (C)Only dormitory rooms above the 2nd floor have fire scapes.                                                                                                               
               the same as A .
(D)4th dormitory rooms have fire escapes.
the same as A

E)Some 2-story dormitories do not have fire escapes.
the same as A


24 ques, " because of the fundamental questions that each poses. Historians are ultimately interested in why change occurred, whereas anthropologists are concerned with the meaning of actions and systems.  ". look at the passage , especially the key words : fundamental , whereas, . what is the main difference between historian research and anthropological research ? Clearly as the argument tells, " because of the fundamental questions that each poses "  and " ......whereas......" , now , could you sense out the puzzle ? Yes! you get it , that is , the former is mainly different from the latter in some fields , if the answer is to be a good one , it would have to mention somthing like what you sense out as above. Compare the five choices with your sensation, (A)The meaning of actions and systems do not fully explain why change occurred.

32 ques, ask for the most support. pls look into the question.

33 ques, " that we are rid of this type of aesthetics. " , it's easy to find out the answer.

打字好累啊, 斑竹真不好作, 有没有大侠来给助助场啊,






to believe, to achieve

猫猫头

你可以偷偷懒，可以copy的就copy啦^_@