TOEFL Reading 考过的字

a matter of speculation (思索，推测，投机) = supposition (speculation的同义词) a matter of speculation = supposition(speculation的同义词) abstract = concrete 文中找反意 (抽象的 = 具体的) accomplished = achieved accumulate = collect 原文的句子是the diamonds accumulate in the 沉积岩 accumulate = collect/press down，（它在原文的句子是the diamonds accumulate in the 什么地方，是因为它的什么什么的特点） achieve = subject (文中选) added = extra( 答案还有continuing) adjusted = modificated adjusted = modificated (adjusted adj.调整过的) admit (permit to enter) = let in admit = let in (admit : permit to enter) advance = improvement advent = introduce（不确定）(advent n.(尤指不寻常的人或事)出现, 到来) adverse，我选negative (adverse adj.不利的, 敌对的, 相反的) afford = provide/purchase/originate/require alert amenity = facility(amenity: n.宜人, 礼仪) answer: facilities anchor = hold in a place annually = yearly antecedent = predecessor apart from=except/instead mine: except apparent = obvious appeal = attraction aptly = appropriately array = range (array n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列) as well = in addition (其它的有：as good as, at the same time, for the reason,我选IN ADDITION) ascribed to = assumed to be true of (ascribe to归功于; 认为是...的作品) atmosphere = air attachment to = preference for (attachment:附属物，附加装置；附件;依恋，爱慕，情感一种情结) attendant = accompanying (attendant adj.出席的, 在场的,随行的,伴随的, 附随的) attest = give evidence to available = obtainable avenue (大路，手段方法) = means barriers (barrier n.(阻碍通道的)障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障) beckon = invite beckoning = inviting (beckoning引诱人的, 令人心动的) beneficial = advantageous biting = sharp boom = expansion (boom:使迅速发展boost，成长，繁荣，暴涨，发隆隆声) boost = raise (to increase; raise:增加；拔高) breed = reproduce (breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类) brilliant = bright budding = by-product的意思，budding (adj.萌芽的, 发育的, 少壮的n.发芽)找有unexpected词的句子 camouflage = hide chisel = carve classic = typical close = careful (其它选项为 final/instant/restricted) n. 结束 colossal = huge commemorate = celebrate confine = limit (confine vt.限制, 禁闭n.界限, 边界) consequently = therefore / thus consistently = regularly constant = stable constantly = regularly(I guess) constituent = component (constituent n.选举者, 委托人, 要素adj.有选举权的, 组成的) continual = constant converge 汇合 convert = transform correspondence = harmonies一致 counter of = in the opposition of counterpart = version (counterpart n.副本, 极相似的人或物, 配对; version n.译文, 译本, 翻译) couple = associate (couple n.(一)对, (一)双, 夫妇vt.连合, 连接, 结合vi.结合, 结婚) coveted = desired critical = essential critical = important critical = significant dangle = hung hang daring = bold debate = argue decretive (adj.命令的, 法令的, 具有法令效力的) delineate = trace (delineate vt.描...的外形, 画...的轮廓, 勾画;?述, 描写) (trace n.痕迹, 踪迹, 微量, 迹线, 缰绳vt.描绘, 映描, 画轮廓, 追踪, 回溯, 探索vi.上溯, 沿路走) delineate这个我可能错了，但根据上下文，及其象 trace delusion = can not concentrate (delusion n.错觉) demand = need demise = decline (demise n.死亡, 君权的转移或授与, 让位, 禅让vt.让渡, 遗赠, 转; decline vi.下倾, 下降, 下垂v.拒绝, 衰落n.下倾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰败, 衰落) demise = decline, densely = thickly dependable (反) deposit = place determining = calculating（句中选） detractor = critic (detractor n.诽谤者, 恶意批评者) detrimental = harmful (detrimental:有害的) devoted to = dependent on/concentrated on/related to 发明和entrepreneurial risks were devoted to the..... which has no certain profit. diffuse = travel diffusion (笔试：diffuse = travel) (diffusion n传播，流传;扩散，弥漫) dimension = size disappear = vanish, fade, to stop existing dispersal (n.散布, 分散, 消散, 驱散, 疏散) dispute = argument distinct = different(文中找） distinguish = notice from the difference distribute = spread disturb = upset diversity = varied dominate = rule, control, govern drab = dull durable = lasting dwindle = decrease ? = extreme earnest (adj.认真的, 热心的, 重要的n.真挚, 定金, 认真, 热心) ease (n.安逸, 安心, 不费力, 悠闲 vt.使悠闲, 使安心, 减轻, 放松 vi.减弱, 减轻, 放松, 灵活地移动) elaborate adj.精心制作的, 详细阐述的, 精细 vt.精心制作, 详细阐述 v.详细描述 embedded = encased (embedded adj.植入的, 深入的, 内含的) emit = release, send out, discharge employ = use enable = permit enclosure = surrounding endangered ( 将要绝种的) = abundant（反义词，句中选） endangered <> abundant（反义词，句中选） engaged = empoly engage = involve enhance = improve or enlarge enormous = 凶暴的，巨大的 enrich (enhance, enlarge, conceal, 根据上下文有可能选conceal,我选enhance)，(enrich vt.使富足, 使肥沃, 装饰, 加料于, 浓缩) enrich = enhance 选项里有 enhance/conceal/enlarge entail = involve entail: vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给 entire (adj.全部的, 完整的, 整个) environment = ecosystem era = period erratic (不稳定的，古怪的) = irregular essentially adv.本质上, 本来 establishment = formation (establishment n.确立, 制定, 设施, 公司, 军事组织) ( formation n.形成, 构成, 编队) etch = cut even = already 恰好，正当在but, even by the end of时间...,..... evenly = equally (evenly adv.均匀地, 平坦地 ) evoke = stimulate exceeded = surpassed exceedingly = extremely (exceedingly adv.非常地, 极度地) exert = cause (exert vt.尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力v.发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽) exhibit (n. v. 展示，陈列) = feature (展出、公开 = emphasize, display, publicize, )（句中选） expanse (n.宽阔的区域, 宽阔, 苍天, 膨胀扩张)(此题我考到过,是考区域之义) expanse (笔试：expand = increase) expendable = unprofitable (expendable n.消耗品, 可牺牲的,可花费的,可消耗的,不值得保存的) explored (explore v.探险, 探测, 探究) expose to = subject to (expose...to 使...受到, 使...朝向...; 使...接触...) (subject to在...条件下; 常遭...; 易受...的侵袭; 受控制; 服从...的指挥) express = communicate expressed = communicated expressed = communicated (a. communicated, b. increased).特地查了一下，express有rapid的意思，expressly却没有(some concerns about forest are expressed till early 1900.expressly 1) specially (2) rapidly,我也不知道是哪个，我选了specially (expressly 的语境是 the few percentage of the ice expressly was made for carve ice) (expressly adv.明白地, 清楚地; 确切地, 明显地；特(意)地; 专门地) extraneous ( 无关紧要的，外来的，inessential, from outside) fast (go without food) (not sure !!!, do not affect you adversely) favorable = popular feature = characterize finding (n.发现, 发现物, 决定, [律]裁决) flair 天赋, 敏锐的洞察力 flawless = perfect flourishing = thriving for instance = for example forage = feed former = previous formerly = in the past fragment = break up fueling = encouraging game = animals gap(笔试：gap 缺口，裂口 = opening) generate 产生, 发生 = given = particular 居然有special/particular两个选项,答案是particular, sure.(given: adj.赠予的, 沉溺的, 特定的, 假设的) gleaming = shining graciousness hamper = make difficulty hamstrung harness = utilize harsh = drastic hasten = accelerate haul (拖拉, 拖运 ) = pull hazard = danger hazard = danger / risk heed = notice heighten = increase heightening (提高，升高) = increasing heightening = increasing hence = therefore (hence adv.因此, 从此) hiatus = interruption hider = interfere ???? (笔试：hide = conceal) hold = keep up hollow n.洞, 窟窿, 山谷 adj.空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的, 凹的 adv.<口>彻底vi.形成空洞 vt.挖空, 弄凹 host = great number (世纪末19世纪初美国制造业的革新.其中有一题 tailors, butchers and a (host) of trades began to … ) hub = center, hub 中心 = center hydroelectric (adj.水力发电的 ) illusion n.幻想 immediately = closest( 说类人猿是人类最近的进化祖先) immense adj.极广大的, 无边的, <口>非常好的 in and of themselves (not sure) = alone in charge of = responsible for in earnest = seriously in quantity = in a large amount of in spite of that = however inauspicious = unfavorable incidental = minor point (incidental adj.附带的, 伴随的, 非主要的, 偶然的, 容易发生的n.伴随事件, (用复数)杂项、杂费) incoherently 无条理的 incorporable = included(incorporable adj.可结合的, 可包含的) incorporate = include indemention ??? {可能是ingemination(vt. 重申)/ indemnification(n.保护, 保障, 补偿, 补偿物)} indemention ingemination indemnification indigenous = native (in the context) induce = generate ingenious adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能 ingenuity = resourcefulness (resourcefulness n.足智多谋) ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性, 精巧, 灵活性 inhabit = live inhibit = hindered (hinder adj.后面的v.阻碍, 打扰) control, limit, restrain initiate = begin innocent (adj.(～ of) 清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的) innovate = original/specific mine: original inroad (n.(突然)袭击、侵犯, 攻击(upon, on, into);[常用复]损害; 侵蚀; 花费(into, on) instant = moment (adj. n. 片刻，瞬间) intangible (adj.难以明了的, 无形的) intimidating 威吓, 胁迫 invade = move into (invade vt.侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤) invaluable = highly useful (可能是选反义词？) ?????????? invariably = always jeopardy = threaten judge (判断，评价) = estimate jolting = shocking key = significant landscape = scenery luxuriant = thriving( 答案还有moist) launch = start lack = without linked = connected magnitude = extend maintain = continue mask = disguise mask = disguise masked 伪装的，隐藏的，潜伏的 masked = disguise/distinguish mine: disguise 原文大意是往中西部的移民 mask了往urban移民的现象 mastery的形容词形式 = expert matched = equaled matter文中issue mean = signify (还有一选项intend) merit (n.优点, 价值v.有益于) meticulous careful milestone = significant development milestone = significant events ( in the context) (select in whole paragraph, spend much time for this one) minuscule = tiny minute = tiny minutely = finely minutely adv.详细地, 精密地 model = form/frame (我选的form) model：（1）theory (2) method 不是很确信，我选了 theory (model:的语境是 the rocks have different the models of origin) modification = alteration(另有clarification), monitored = observed monopolize form = dominate monotonous = boring moreover = additionally moreover = in addition( 答案还有thus) mosaic = things considered together as a pattern motif = pattern (motif（艺术作品的）主题，主旨,图案,主题曲 (亦作：motive) (pattern n.模范, 式样, 模式, 样品, 格调, 图案 vt.模仿, 仿造, 以图案装饰 vi.形成图案) motive (n.动机, 目的 adj.发动的, 运动的) nature = character notwithstanding = despite note = record obscure = conceal 答案有干扰选项diminish obscured = conceal obtain = acquire occasion = event opulence outbreak = sudden increase（improved, upsetted, 另两个我忘了） outlet 出口，出路 outstanding = noticeable parcel out = distribute (parcel out分给, 分配) pare away = remove (pare away [off]削去(边, 角, 皮等); 减少(支开等) pattern = match, imitate (n. 式样, 格调, 图案 vt. 根据图形模仿，仿造 periphery = edge perspective, n.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察 pinnacle = high point pinnacle = highest point pledge (保证, 誓言) = promise pore = hole pose = present??? (pose n.姿势, 姿态v.(使...)摆好姿势, 形成, 引起, 造成vi.摆姿势, 佯装, 矫揉造作) potential = possible practical/predictable/great = = -p*midable(practical, not very sure)? came from an article: the American army in 1776, = = conquer pumidable difficulties = = practically (几乎，差不多) = nearly predicament = difficult situation predicament = serious situation premise = assume前提 v. 假设 premise = assumption prestige = the respect and importance a person presumable = probably (presumable adj可能的；可推测的) prevalent = current previous = past previously = before prey primary = dominant primitive = early principal = dominant principal = main principle = rule prior = past procure ( 获得，取得 acquire, obtain/ 实现，完成 = bring about, effect, procure a solution) procure = obtain procurement = obtain prohibited = extremely ??? prohibitively = extremely prominent = noticeable pronounced = distinct pronounced = significant; pronounced = strong property = character prosperous = wealthy protrude = extend protruding = projecting proximity = closeness punctual = 没有直接对应选项(carefully(my key 表示时间精确 not sure) （punctual:精确的，准时的，点状的） purchase = grip vt.买, 购买 n.买, 购买当时选了 benefit，认为是好处之意，现在想来，还是grip（抓住）更好 process = purify radical (基础的，根本的) = fundamental (radical = drastic) radical = drastic radical = extreme radical = extreme (radical:根本的，激进的，极端的(extreme)) radical = fundamental (radical :基础的，根本的,激进的) ramification = consequence rare = scarce rather than = instead of record redundancy refine = improve, refreshing = unusual (refreshing:提神的,新鲜宜人的，与众不同的) regrad for = 我选attention to 选项还有demand for little regard for cleaness and purity.. relevant = applicable. relevant adj.有关的, 相应的 remarkable = incredible remedy = cure remote = far away reserve = save reserved = saved resume = begin again revolution = dramatically change revolutional = quick discarding/(我选了change，回来查字典发现我错了) revolutionous = quick discarding rigorous = demanding rigorous schedule = demanding (rigorous 严格的，严厉的 demanding 要求高的，苛求的如：a demanding job ) ritual n.典礼, (宗教)仪式, 礼节 adj.典礼的, (宗教)仪式的 rival = competitor rival = competitor rudimental = basic rupture = burst ? = striving (strive v.努力, 奋斗, 力争, 斗争) a matter of speculation (思索，推测，投机) = supposition (speculation的同义词) matter of speculation (思索，推测，投机) = supposition (speculation的同义词) sacred = holy scarce = rarely scorching = exceeding hot scrap = fragment scrupulous 审慎的, 完全的, careful secure = obtain??? (疑为 procure ?) seek selected = particular set in motion = start (使开始运转，如 set the plan in motion) settle down severe = harsh share = proportion (proportion 比例, 均衡, 面积, 部分vt.使成比例, 使均衡, 分摊) shied away from = avoid shield = protect shift shortage (反义词) shrink <> spread(反义) significant = meaningful (obvious is not right) silhouette = outline (silhouette n.侧面影像, 轮廓) simultaneous = at the same time singularly = particularly site = location situation 位置, 情况, 职业 , (电影)场面 slightest 最轻微的 snap = break soaked = absorbed sole = only sole = single solicit = request sophisticated (文中选) complex sparingly 节俭地 (adv.节俭地, 保守地) sparse <> rich sparse = rare sparse,文中着反义词 rich spawn = create specified = stated spike split = divided spontaneous = unplanned spot = identify spur = stimulus staggering = stunning staggering 惊人的，巨大的 staple = important stay stem from = grow out of stint = hindered strict stunned = hindered stunning = dramatically(不确定) 都在句中选 (stunning adj.足以使人晕倒的, 极好的) stunning = dramatically(不确定) 都在句中选 (stunning: very surprising, very impressive ，另人印象深刻的; dramatically: 有戏剧表现力的，引人注目的) stunt v.阻碍...发育, 妨碍...生长, 作惊人表演, 使绝招 n.发育迟缓, 矮小的人(或物), 惊人表演, 绝技 sturdy = strong subject to = vulnerable to subsequent (后来的，随后的) = later succession = series (succession n.连续, 继承, 继任, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, 连续性) succumb, suited to = appropriate to sumptuous = luxurious supplant = replace supply susceptible to (容易….的) = prone to ? = take advantage of tangible = material tangible = physical teasers (爱戏弄人的人) teemed with = were full of tendency = inclination therefore = in that purpose thoroughly = completely thumb (n.拇指vt.以拇指拨弄, 笨拙处理, 弄坏, 翻阅, 作搭车手势vi.用拇指翻书页) tip 舌尖 (tip n.顶, 尖端, 梢, 倾斜, 轻击, 末端, 小费, 秘密消息 vt.在...顶端装附加物, 使倾斜, 使翻倒, 暗示, 轻击, 给, 泄露, 给小费 vi.倾斜, 翻倒, 倾覆, 踮脚走, 给小费 n.提示, 技巧) tracts (of land) = area (tract n.广阔的地面, 土地, 地方, 地域, (解剖)管道, 小册子) transfer = move transition = change tricky (狡猾的，棘手的，difficult) type = kind undergone = experienced (undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受 undergone: undergo的过去分词) underneath underlying = inner (underlying adj.在下面的, 隐含的，implicit 如 underlying meaning) underpinning (基础, 支柱, 支撑 a support or foundation) undertaking = task undertaken = attempt uneven = rough uniform universally = without exception unqualified = complete; (不合格的，无限制的，绝对的) unrestricted = unlimited utilitarian = functional (文中选) (utilitarian adj.功利的, 实利的, 功利主义的n.功利论者 ) variability = tendency to change vigorous = strong (vigorous adj.精力旺盛的, 有力的, 健壮的) vivid = bright (vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 大胆的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的) via = by the way of vigorous = strong vexing = difficult (not sure) (vex: 使恼怒，使痛苦, puzzle, annoy) volatile = (adj.飞行的, 挥发性的, 可变的, 不稳定的, 轻快的, 爆炸性的) vast = immense (vast adj.巨大的, 辽阔的, 大量的, 巨额) vast = great vehicle = means (vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段) variability = tendency to change word = information; wary = cautious witness = observe withstand = persist >avoid/persist? 原文是：...brick withstood the weathering for a long time... withstand = resist wear = use (wear: n.穿戴，使用穿戴的动作或穿戴的状态；使用;穿破，磨损因使用或磨损造成的逐渐损坏或减少 vt.穿, 戴 v.(～ out) 磨损, 用旧, (～ out) 穿着) whatever = in any case/ at any rate/at all event wary = cautious way station = stop (way station n.<美俚>(铁路或公共汽车线路上的)小站) ？ = yet 选项还有however / in addition. yield = provide (yield v.出产, 生长, 生产 vi.(～ to)屈服, 屈从n.产量, 收益) 常考的名词 taisha.org 2002-11-18 21:13:59 usa-liu（酷游BBS） 1. 常考的不可数名词 furniture luggage clothing equipment poetry jewelry machinery weaponry scenery information knowledge homework evidence foliage advertising health A : 流体 air water B: 颗粒状物体 rice salt C: 抽象名词 information D: 总称名词 poetry machinery E: 疾病不可数 diabetes糖尿病 measles麻疹 F: 自然现象 rain drops G:学科不可数 mathematics economics statistics physics politics mechanics genetics geology geography chemistry philosophy biology history 2. .常考的不规则单复数 man/men woman/women tooth/teeth foot/feet goose/geese basis/bases analysis/analyses crisis/crises hypothesis/hypotheses axis/axes alga/algae larva/larvae fungus/fungi stimulus/stimuli datum/data bacterium/bacteria medium/media spectrum/spectra mouse/mice child/children phenomenon/phenomena radius/radii 3. 常考的单复数同型的名词 aircraft spacecraft series species means sheep deer bison salmon trout carp 4. 常考的可数名词 discovery cloud mineral metal substance population effort effect animal plant mammal insect tree herb shrub element function feature picture result clue star reason audience device structure human human being system fashion resource source origin pioneer automobile purpose style response number amount variety quantity type kind influence emotion change 5. 即可数又不可数的名词 sugar , cloth , water , detail , paper ,work , light , science ,form , interest , art , area ,color , disease , illness , rock , stone , matter , food , culture ,noise , liquid , solid , gas , climate , film ,material , population , temperature , experience ,speech ,use time , life , action , activity , study rock(砂岩) rocks(块岩) work(工作,作品) works(著作) paper(纸) papers(论文,报告,文件) area(面积) areas(地区,区域) time(时间) times(次数) room(空间) rooms(房间) water(水) waters(水域) collections由同一种物品构成,可数 his three collections of short stories collection 由不同种物品构成,不可数 his art collection ※当一个不可数名词表种类时,可数. 可数/不可数 :①有无数的概念②抽象/具体 advertisment 广告可数 advertising 广告业不可数