请教og 104

yiyi20

D: in the absence of the 25 percent tax credit,business spending for research
and development after 1981 would not have been substantially lower than it was.
请问这句话什么意思.到底是什么和什么在比较呀?

lisaislisa

it comparies the situation in which 25% tax credit exists with the situation in which it does not ( or absent)
the Problem is asking for an 'assumption'

^^

yiyi20

it was是指absentce 25%的情况还是存在25%的情况