38. Amphibian populations are declining in numbers worldwide. Not coincidentally, the earth’s ozone layer has been continuously depleted throughout the last 50 years. Atmospheric ozone blocks UV-B, a type of ultraviolet radiation that is continuously produced by the sun, and which can damage genes. Because amphibians lack hair, hide, or feathers to shield them, they are particularly vulnerable to UV-B radiation. In addition, their gelatinous eggs lack the protection of leathery or hard shells. Thus, the primary cause of the declining amphibian population is the depletion of the ozone layer. Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument EXCEPT: Answer：A (A) Of the various types of radiation blocked by atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type that can damage genes. (B) Amphibian populations are declining far more rapidly than are the populations of nonamphibian species whose tissues and eggs have more natural protection from UV-B. (C) Atmospheric ozone has been significantly depleted above all the areas of the world in which amphibian populations are declining. (D) The natural habitat of amphibians has not become smaller over the past century. (E) Amphibian populations have declined continuously for the last 50 years.
不知道答案为什么选A，同时也不知道D为什么错？
41. Raymond Burr played the role of lawyer Perry Mason on television. Burr’s death in 1993 prompted a prominent lawyer to say “Although not a lawyer, Mr. Burr strove for such authenticity that we feel as if we lost one of our own.” This comment from a prestigious attorney provides appalling evidence that, in the face of television, even some legal professionals are losing their ability to distinguish fiction from reality. The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument Answer：E (A) takes the views of one lawyer to represent the views of all lawyers (B) criticizes the lawyer rather than the lawyer’s statement (C) presumes that the lawyer is qualified to evaluate the performance of an actor (D) focuses on a famous actor’s portrayal of a lawyer rather than on the usual way in which lawyers are portrayed on television (E) ignores the part of the lawyer’s remark that indicates an awareness of the difference between reality and fiction
一点都不会搞不清楚里面的逻辑关系 45. Commissioner: Budget forecasters project a revenue shortfall of a billion dollars in the coming fiscal year. Since there is no feasible way to increase the available funds, our only choice is to decrease expenditures. The plan before you outlines feasible cuts that would yield savings of a billion dollars over the coming fiscal year. We will be able to solve the problem we face, therefore, only if we adopt this plan. This reasoning in the commissioner’s argument is flawed because this argument Answer：B (A) relies on information that is far from certain (B) confuses being an adequate solution with being a required solution (C) inappropriately relies on the opinions of experts (D) inappropriately employs language that is vague
(E) takes for granted that there is no way to increase available funds
一点不会搞不清楚里面的逻辑关系 50。Joseph: My encyclopedia says that the mathematician Pierre de Fermat died in 1665 without leaving behind any written proof for a theorem that he claimed nonetheless to have proved. Probably this alleged theorem simply cannot be proved, since---as the article points out---no one else has been able to prove it. Therefore it is likely that Fermat was either lying or else mistaken when he made his claim. Laura: Your encyclopedia is out of date. Recently someone has in fact proved Fermat’s theorem. And since the theorem is provable, your claim---that Fermat was lying or mistaken---clearly is wrong. Which one of the following most accurately describes a reasoning error in Laura’s argument? Answer：C (A) It purports to establish its conclusion by making a claim that, if true, would actually contradict that conclusion. (B) It mistakenly assumes that the quality of a person’s character can legitimately be taken to guarantee the accuracy of the claims that person has made. (C) It mistakes something that is necessary for its conclusion to follow for something that ensures that the conclusion follows. (D) It uses the term “provable” without defining it. (E) It fails to distinguish between a true claim that has mistakenly between believed to be false and a false claim that has mistakenly been believed to be true. 一点都不会，搞不清楚里面的逻辑关系 51. People who have political power tend to see new technologies as a means of extending or protecting their power, whereas they generally see new ethical arguments and ideas as a threat to it. Therefore, technical ingenuity usually brings benefits to those who have this ingenuity, whereas ethical inventiveness brings only pain to those who have this inventiveness. Which one of the following statements, if true, most strengthens the argument? (A) Those who offer new ways of justifying current political power often reap the benefits of their own innovations. (B) Politically powerful people tend to reward those who they believe are useful to them and to punish those who they believe are a threat. (C) Ethical inventiveness and technical ingenuity are never possessed by the same individuals (D) New technologies are often used by people who strive to defeat those who currently have political power. (E) Many people who possess ethical inventiveness conceal their novel ethical arguments for fear of retribution by the politically powerful. 答案选B，不知道为什么，我感觉好像都不对啊？ 希望有高手指点 谢谢！ | 
