Q7 to Q10:
The term “episodic memory” was
introduced by Tulving to refer to what he
considered a uniquely human capacity—
Line the ability to recollect specific past events,
(5) to travel back into the past in one’s own
mind—as distinct from the capacity simply
to use information acquired through past
experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al.
developed criteria to test for episodic
(10) memory in animals. According to these
criteria, episodic memories are not of
individual bits of information; they involve
multiple components of a single event
“bound” together. Clayton sought to
(15) examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate
memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”
information and their binding of this infor-
mation. In the wild, these birds store food
for retrieval later during periods of food
(20) scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required
jays to remember the type, location, and
freshness of stored food based on a unique
learning event. Crickets were stored in one
location and peanuts in another. Jays
(25) prefer crickets, but crickets degrade
more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched
their preference from crickets to peanuts
once the food had been stored for a certain
length of time, showing that they retain
(30) information about the what, the where,
and the when. Such experiments cannot,
however, reveal whether the birds were
reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
information. Clayton acknowledged this by
using the term “episodic-like” memory.
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Q10:
In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?
- Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.
- All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.
- The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.
- When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.
- Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.
请教第10题，答案E。实验和缺乏时间有什么关系呢？ | 
