OG12 SC73时态问题

viennawong

73. Combining enormous physical strength with higher
intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for
facing any obstacle the environment could put in their
path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during
the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt
to some environmental change led to their extinction.
(A) appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the
environment could put in their path,
(B) appear to have been equipped to face any
obstacle the environment could put in their path,
(C) appear as equipped to face any obstacle the
environment could put in their paths,
(D) appeared as equipped to face any obstacle the
environment could put in their paths,
(E) appeared to have been equipped for facing any
obstacle the environment could put in their path,

之前有很多帖子讨论过这道题，但是对于不定式的时态问题还是有点不明白
我理解OG解释说的应该用过去时，但是A选项中的equipped不是已经是过去式了么？
而B选项中的to have been euipped不是现在完成时么？不定式中的过去时应该怎么表达呢？
急切盼望大家的解答啊~

Charlotte0512

to have done表示不定时的时态落后于核心动词的时态
比如the speices is known to have been extinct
这里is known  是现在知道，to have been extinct表示以前就灭绝了

wswhdlp

appear to have been equipped to face any
obstacle the environment could put in their path,

去掉have说明，equip和appear是同时态，不合逻辑。

完成时有个作用，就是把时态往前挪，说明equip发生在appear之前。

OG中还有一题。

....,whether the visitor still comes to the zoo to see the rhino once the animal's horns have been trimed.

大概是这样，下面有一行解释，说明have been trim发生在come之前。

viennawong

如果说把时态往前挪，OG上的解释是因为Neanderthal已经disappeared，即在过去已经消失了，那eqiup应该是发生在disappear之前的，应该用过去完成时啊。。。

viennawong

这句话的核心词是appear么？虽然OG上说appear要和indicate平行，但是总觉得现在已经消失了的应该用过去时啊。。纠结啊。。我被绕进去了。。

WayneCH2012

看了Lz的讨论我终于明白了！！希望写下来，能帮助到不明白的tx

to have done 是一种固定用法，表示将to后的时态往前推，发生在过去（似乎没有to后加had done的）
而ACD选项中的equipped跟在as之后，表示的被动（或者当成adj），并不是过去时
因为N这种人disappeared了，所以他们只是过去具备这种能力，因此用 appear to have been equipped

EVENINE

思路：
A: appear to do/be是固定搭配，看起来像 ；equipped to do 是正确的， equipped for doing不符合习惯；

B: bingo ;  appear 和indicates 时态一致，表达一般事实

C：appear as 不符合习惯；paths 应该改为path ,尽管每一个Neanderthals个体可以由着不同的道路 ，但是这里是关于Neanderthals作为一个种族所特有的单一的进化路线

D: appeared 和indicates不平行，appear 指出的是一个事实，一个evidence不需要用过去时，不可能翻译成N过去似乎有能力去面对困难；paths 应该改为path , 尽管每一个Neanderthals个体可以由着不同的道路 ，但是这里是关于Neanderthals作为一个种族所特有的单一的进化路线

E : appeared 和indicates不平行；;   be equipped to do  是习惯用语

Appear as = show up as  揭露，露出   appear to do/appear to have been看起来像
句子结构Neanderthals appear…….，but their disappearance indicates……这样比较清晰
N似乎有能力，，，，他们的消失表明
总结：应尽量保证主句与其对应句的主谓宾对位。===>其中也涉及主语位置代词对位指代的问题。                                                                               句子大平行，其中也涉及到判断时态的问题；而且大平行，最好连介宾成分都是平行的。