狒狒逻辑97

Hamburger530

97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory.
If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:
(A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory
(B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory.
(C) For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory.
(D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory.
(E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.

答案是B。
我想问C项不是只满足了第一个条件吗，并没有满足第二个条件 it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations，为什么也是good theory呢？

请NN指点

coloryao

我读下来，觉得B从原文中无法推出，原文讲得是a large class of observations of a model和physical phenomena无法对应。

其次C选项，我觉得可能是four elements而不是for elements吧，就算仍然是for elements，楼主对这句话的理解可能有点问题。这句话的核心意思是：简单的elements满足了好理论简洁性这个标准。满足了其中的一个标准并不意味着它就构成了好理论，所以这和原文的意思是相符的。

kenwk

楼上关于C选项解释正确，不多赘述。

B，亚里士多德的理论基本四元素是earth, air, fire, and water，他们本身就是物理现象，题中说Observation of physical phenomena （物理现象）was not a major concern，这不是鬼扯么！

Hamburger530

就是说好的理论有两个标准，其中simplicity则概括了第一个标准，对吗？

linyuanlyn

那请问A选项呢，A选项说关于未来的预测一定是由好的科学理论得出的，但是也有可能一些理论能够满足第二个条件即对未来作出预测，但是不能满足第一个条件呢？这样这个满足第二条件的理论就不是好的科学理论了啊？？求回答！！！

shiningsmile

原文 C 选项有误，应为：
Elements that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of

a good theory can be the basis of a scientific model.

bobdog179

哎 看了好久 貌似明白了
关于A选项 把它转化成同义的主动语态，即good theory 必须要有predict什么的……这样是不是就算说通了呢